Abstract
One of the major challenges in wireless sensor networks (WSNs)
deployment is to decrease sensor node's energy consumption to
prolong the lifetime of the finite-capacity batteries. Using
multihop has been viewed as one of the main techniques to prolong
operational lifetime in wireless sensor networks. In this paper
we offer a study on transmission power control in IEEE 802.15.4
multihop wireless sensor networks using typical Telosb platform
parameters, which is IEEE 802.15.4 standard compliant. Our
simulation and numerical analytical results illustrate that
energy spent to send a packet in network system using short-range
multihop path instead of single hop does not necessarily save
energy as suggested by some of the earlier research. In this
paper we offer a new approach to test this at the physical layer
and provide numerical analysis and simulation performance results
for energy consumption in multihop WSNs.
wireless sensor network, energy efficiency, transmission power
control, multihop
1 Introduction
ensor networks are distributed networks made up of small sensing
devices equipped with a processor, memory and the ability for
short-range wireless communication. Recently, ad hoc WSNs have
gained tremendous attention in research communities and
commercial applications, partly due to ad hoc wireless networks'
ability to establish connectivity without the need for
pre-existing infrastructure, and the fact that these networks are
envisioned to support a wide range of embedded applications.
The ability of networks to be established without pre-existing
infrastructure provides a significant benefit in rapid sensor
nodes deployment, and a reduction in the cost of...
... middle of paper ...
...t channel, a channel scan
function in search of a beacon, activation and deactivation of
radio transceiver, ability to measure received packet energy
known as energy detection (ED) , the ability to measure the
quality of the received signal for each packet known as link
quality indicator (LQI) and the ability to check for activity in
the medium known as clear channel assessment (CCA) [ieee15:2006].
2.2 Network Topologies
Depending on the application requirements, the IEEE 802.15.4
standard supports two network topologies: star and peer-to-peer .
In our work we consider the peer-to-peer topology since it allows
more complex networks such as mesh topology to be implemented,
and it offers more flexibility. In peer-to-peer networks, devices
can communicate with one another as long as they are within the
range of one another [ieee15:2006].
Research suggests that managers and employees in the wireless industry have faced tough challenges in their daily work. Managers have had the difficult job of crafting appropriate business strategies and human resource practices in the face of technological uncertainty, volatile demand, and heightened price competition in markets plagued by overcapacity (Batts, Colvin, Katz & Keefe (2005). This paper will examine the challenges facing the wireless industry the near future and recommend ways in which my new organization, Twenty1Wirless, can meet those challenges. First we will discuss the challenges we are facing as an organization. Next, we will explore the opportunities Twenty1 Wireless has to overcome these challenges. Finally, we will discuss
The routing protocols for wireless sensor networks and underwater wireless sensor networks can be roughly
COMP09022 Network Design BSc COMPUTER NETWORKING COMP09022 ICMPv6 Prepared by B00270675 13-03- 2015 WORD COUNT (0000) TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE……………………………………………... 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………….. 2 INTRODUCTION TO THE REPORT……………………. 3 TABLE OF FEATURES.......................................................4
This paper propose an adequate approach of charging and recharging Smartphone batteries by Converting Power to Data and transmitted through a Wi-Fi ( Radio Wave) connectivity, also interconnect with Power consumption application that will automate and asynchrous power consumptions . The outcome of this research is recharge Smartphone batteries whenever Wi-Fi connectivity is available and accessible. And not to worry
J. A. Gutierrez ,M. Naeve , E. Callaway , M. Bourgeois ,V. Mitter and B. Heile "IEEE 802.15.4:adeveloping standard for low-power low-cost wireless personal area networks", IEEE Network, vol. 15, no. 5, pp.12 -19 2001
Wireless LANs have expanded greatly and rapidly in recent years. The expansio¬¬¬¬¬n has caused many benefits to the end users but at the same time it has introduced problem of overlapping BSS (Basic Service Set) where BSS (i.e. WLAN cells) is fundamental block of IEEE 802.11 WLAN architecture. OBSS occurs due to two or more unrelated BSSs are used at the same place, at the same time and with the same frequency channel. With the expansion of channel bandwidth to 80 MHz (may be, 160 MHz) in upcoming standards, the OBSS problem is likely to be very severe in the future. This paper examines how OBSS can be harmful to the networks and how it can be avoided using beam forming, distributed coordination across different APs, and power management. At the end, this text explores the effectiveness of the proposed solutions.
6) Michele Zorzi, “Wireless Sensor and networks: Recent trends and Research Issues’’, University of Padova, Italy, IEEE communication society, Poland, April 28-30, 2008.
Bolla, R., Bruschi, R., Davoli, F., Di Gregorio, L., Donadio, P., Fialho, L., & Szemethy, T. (2013). The green abstraction layer: A standard power-management interface for next-generation network devices. IEEE Internet Computing, 17(2), 82. doi: 10.1109/MIC.2013.39
Wireless local area networks (WLANs) have the potential to improve the flexibility, productivity, and the quality of work life of an enterprise (Sage Research Staff, 2001). Berean Institute is a typical two year college with about a staff of sixty eight employees and 250 students per semester. Berean teaches cosmetology, barbering and the latest software and hardware technology, which is located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Berean currently has two locations in the Philadelphia area and using a Local Area Network (LAN).
The Jaagz’ local area network will use category 5 cable and run IEEE 802.3 protocol. Using IEEE 802.3, the network speed will average about 10 Mbps. It will utilize a combination of a star and bus topology, which is the most common topology used in networks. The bus topology makes up the backbone of the network while the star topology branches out.
Peer-to-peer is a communications model in which each party has the same capabilities and either party can initiate a communication session. Other models with which it might be contrasted include the client/server model and the master/slave model. In some cases, peer-to-peer communications is implemented by giving each communication node both server and client capabilities. In recent usage, peer-to-peer has come to describe applications in which users can use the Internet to exchange files with each other directly or through a mediating server.
In this topology, all nodes are connected to a central device, usually a hub or a switch. Each connected device has a dedicated, point-to-point connection between the device and the hub. The star network topology is by far the most widely implemented topology in use today.
De Poorter, E., Troubleyn, E., Moerman, I., & Demeester, P. (2011). IDRA: A flexible system architecture for next generation wireless sensor networks. Wireless Networks, 17(6), 1423-1440. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11276-011-0356-5
Peer-to-peer (P2P) is a substitute network design to the conventional client-server architecture. P2P networks utilize a decentralised model in which each system, act as a peer, and serve as a client with its own layer of server functionality. A companion plays the role of a client and a server in the meantime. That is, the node can send calls to other nodes, and at the same time respond to approaching calls from other companions in the system. It is different from the traditional client-server model where a client can just send requests to a server and then wait for the server’s response.
Mesh networks are reliable, stable, and redundant. If a node can no longer operate, all the others are not affected as they can still communicate either directly or through one or more intermediate nodes. Mesh networks can be very expensive due to the large amount of cable and connections required. Bus Topology Bus topology refers to a local area network (LAN) arrangement where each node or device is connected to a main cable or link called a bus. The bus network is simple yet very reliable.