INTRODUCTION Composite resins have been a significant aesthetic alternative to amalgam restorations for more than sixty years.1 A hindrance to this method of restoration is the phenomenon of microleakage. Microleakage results from an imperfect bond, leaving a microscopic gap, allowing molecules and ions to flow between the tooth and restoration interface.2 Lack of margin integrity has been implicated in patient sensitivity complaints, secondary caries formation, corrosion of dental materials, and aesthetically displeasing staining at the margin.2 This paper will discuss the basis and discovery of microleakage, causes and effects of the phenomenon including polymerization shrinkage, teeth whitening agents and certain etching techniques, as well as prevention methods the operator can employ to minimize microleakage in posterior composite restorations. The study of microleakage dates back to 1912 when Dr. WE Harper first researched the phenomenon.3 Natural teeth were simulated in the study by using steel dies with class II preparations built into them. A tube was then attached through the pulpal floor of the dies and air pressure ranging from 3 to 30 psi was applied. The emergence of air bubbles from the margins indicated microleakage had taken place. MATERIALS AND METHODS Polymerization shrinkage A comparison of various composite resins A research study comparing 17 different flowable and non-flowable composite resins was performed.4 The measured parameters include: shrinkage (vol%), contraction stress (Mpa), and tensile modulus (GPa). Figure 1 describes the materials tested. Shrinkage was measured by mercury dilatometry. Contraction stress measurements were obtained using a tensilometer apparatus as shown in Figure 2. Each compos... ... middle of paper ... ...sin coating on the microleakage of Class V restorations following treatment with carbamide peroxide in vitro. Oper Dent. 2010; 35(6):634-40. 7. Ceballos L, Osorio R, Toledano M, Marshall GW. Microleakage of composite restorations after acid or Er-YAG laser cavity treatments. Dent Mater. 2001; 17(4):340-6. 8. Collins LZ, Maggio B, Gallagher A, York M, Schäfer F. Safety evaluation of a novel whitening gel, containing 6% hydrogen peroxide and a commercially available whitening gel containing 18% carbamide peroxide in an exaggerated use clinical study. J Dent. 2004; 32 Suppl 1:47-50. 9. Crim GA. Post-operative bleaching: effect on microleakage. Am J Dent. 1992; 5(2):109-12. 10. Da Silva Dominguez L, Martinez-Insua A, Rivera FG, Santana-Penin UA. Differences in bonding to acid-etched or Er:YAG-laser-treated enamel and dentin surfaces. J Prosthet Dent. 2000; 84(3):280-8.
Karaman E, and Ozgunaltay G. Polymerization Shrinkage of Different Types of Composite Resins and Microleakage With and Without Liner in Class II Cavities. Operative Dentistry 2014; 39(2):00-00.
Pit and fissure sealants are tooth coloured materials that are applied on the occlusal surfaces of the posterior teeth in deep grooves, pits and fissures. They protect the tooth from various bacterial plaques in these caries prone areas of the teeth. The sealants protect these areas by sealing of the entrance to bacteria which give rise to dental caries in susceptible individuals especially in children. Pit and fissure sealants are now commonly being used due to the increase in the awareness among public about dental caries prevention
Tooth surfaces are referred to by various names in dentistry, including mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual. If you drew a midline t...
Dr. Gary Silva and his team are highly trained and experienced in providing restorations for all sorts of dental issues. We offer complete and partial dentures, tooth-colored fillings, crowns, bridges, and more. Dr. Silva’s unique background gave him real restorative experience early in his career. For more than 20 years, Dr. Silva has been offering patients the chance to gain a beautiful, functional smile with his restorative dentistry.
3) Describe the rationale and demonstrate how to chart existing restorations (amalgam, composite, gold, crowns, bridges, other), missing teeth, incipient caries and caries.
Teeth whitening is an ever increasing procedure being requested by many patients. In this paper, I will be discussing the biological and chemical mechanisms of teeth whitening, the difference between in office and take home whitening, current products on the market, and current issues and safety concerns regarding teeth whitening. Knowledge of these topics is important to have to be able to safely recommend in office or at home whitening options.
After the treatment and procedure is complete, patients leave with healthier, more beautiful teeth, giving them the confidence to ask someone out on a date or the confidence to smile on an important job interview. Dentistry is and has been for centuries, an important aspect of people’s ...
The future of dentistry is the end of the use of amalgam restorations. Amalgam restorations are believed to be the cause of many illnesses for dental professionals. Dental professionals are exposed daily to the harmful chemicals contained in the material that makes up amalgam, including mercury. With the advent of resin restorations and their more popular use, amalgam restorations will be a thing of the past, only read about in dental history books.
Denture teeth can be made of acrylic poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or composite resins. PMMA is a polymer - a material made the from joining of methyl methacrylate monomers. Properties of PMMA include resistance to abrasion, chemical stability and a high boiling point. (Jun Shen et al. 2011). However, weak flexure and impact strength of PMMA are of concern as they account for denture failure. (Bolayir G, Boztug A and Soygun K. 2013). Composite denture teeth are made of a three distinct phases - filler, matrix and coupling agents. Out of the types of composite teeth available, nano-filled composite teeth are preferred. Composite teeth have a PMMA coating around the tooth and a high content of filler particles. This gives them strength, higher resistance to forces than acrylic teeth and provides compete polymerization due to the PMMA coating. (Anusavice, K. J., Phillips, R. W., Shen, C., & Rawls, H. R, 2012). If the interface between the PMMA denture base and PMMA or composite teeth was weak, the denture will not be able to sustain occlusal forces, making the base-teeth interface, an entity of significance.
Abnormal wear of tooth surfaces was an orthodontic problem early on, even ancient people wanted straight teeth! To close gaps, it has been construed that catgut did the work now done by today’s orthodontic wire. In 400-500 BC, Hippocrates and Aristotle both ruminated about ways to level teeth and fix many dental conditions. It should be noted that in Medieval times, expert barbers often performed dental “operations”, extractions, and procedures such as blood-letting. In seventeen twenty-eight, French Dentist Pierre Fauchard published a book called “The Surgeon Dentist” about ways to straighten and align teeth. He used a device called a “Bandeau,” a horse-shaped piece of precious metal which helped...
In 1728, Pierre Fauchard, was well known for publishing a book called, "The Natural History of The Human Teeth". In today’s society dental persons still use many of the procedures that was used during the 17th century. For example, Pierre Fauchard was the man who came up with the process of dental fillings; he also proved that acid come from...
Our analysis revealed that Affinis® had more dimensional stability in comparison to Panasil® and in the Panasil® impression material, the percentage of dimensional change was significant after 168 h. However, dimensional changes in all of the evaluation times were in the American Dental Association (ADA) standard range. Therefore, these materials had acceptable clinical dimensional stability for approximately 168 h. In the current study, impressions were made from stainless steel dies following the ADA specification for impression materials. This provides a protocol that can be easily replicated by others and it is the same as making a clinical
Palmer, C. (2013, September 16). American Dental Association. Retrieved January 28, 2014, from ADA: http://www.ada.org/news/8898.aspx
Cosmetic dentistry is a specialized field that deals with improving the aesthetics of teeth and the human face. The teeth are an important part of human beauty. Even minor damage to the teeth, such as breakage or loss can drastically alter the overall appearance of the face. This is where cosmetic dentistry comes in to restore beauty. Cosmetic dentistry has become a highly specialized branch due to various advancements in surgical procedures and diagnostic techniques. Several new materials have also been discovered. These materials are very close to the natural enamel and bone from which teeth are made and are virtually indistinguishable. Cosmetic dentistry is an option in conditions such as teeth loss, gaps between teeth, cracked or chipped teeth, cavities and dental
9. Siso HS, Kustarci A, Göktolga EG. Microleakage in Resin Composite Restorations After Antimicrobial Pre-treatments: Effect of KTP Laser, Chlorhexidine Gluconate and Clearfil Protect Bond. Oper Dent. 2009; 34(3): 321-327.