Parkinson’s Disease
Parkinson’s disease is a “neurodegenerative disorder of the basal nuclei due to insufficient secretion of the neurotransmitter dopamine” (Marieb & Hoehn, 2013, p. G-17). The cause of Parkinson’s disease is unknown, but many factors play a role in the development of Parkinson’s disease. One factor that has been found in an individual who has Parkinson’s disease causes over activity of targeted dopamine-deprived basal nuclei. This over activity is caused by the breakdown of neurons that release dopamine in the substantia nigra (Marieb & Hoehn, 2013). Another factor that is present in a person who has Parkinson’s disease, is the presence of lewy bodies in the brain stem ("What is lbd?," 2014). Lewy bodies are unusual clusters of protein (Hauser, 2014). These clusters use up all or most of the dopamine secreted causing the brain to not function properly. When the brain is not functioning properly due to lewy bodies, it can cause a person to develop symptoms of early Parkinson’s disease ("What is lbd?," 2014).
As stated before, the cause of Parkinson’s disease is unknown, but that does not mean that scientist and researchers have not tried to find the cause. Along with the degeneration of neurons and the presence of lewy bodies, it has also been found that there could be problems with the mitochondrial proteins (Marieb & Hoehn, 2013). Parkinson’s disease affects certain parts of a person’s anatomy. Parkinson’s disease affects the basal ganglia and pars compacta (Hauser, 2014). The basal ganglia is impacted by Parkinson’s. It begins to not create enough dopamine. The lack of dopamine is one of the main factors in a person who develops Parkinson’s disease (Marieb & Hoehn, 2013). The lack of dopamine and other factors...
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...ntreated die in five years, 65 percent of people in 10 years, and about 89 percent in 15 years (Hauser, 2014). Although treatment is available some people choose not to take it and some cannot afford it. It is the best choice to treat Parkinson’s disease if the patient can. This helps a person live as normal as they can for as long as they can.
References
Demographics of parkinson's disease. (2014). Retrieved on April 5, 2014 from
http://www.prokerala.com/health/parkinsons-disease/demographics-of-parkinsons-
disease.php
Hauser, R. A. (2014, January 21). Parkinson disease. Retrieved on April 5, 2014, from
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1831191-overview#aw2aab6b2b1aa
Marieb, E. N., & Hoehn, K. (2013). Human anatomy & physiology. (9th ed.). San
Francisco: Pearson
What is lbd?. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.lbda.org/category/3437/what-is-lbd.htm
Parkinson’s disease is not a condition that is necessarily easy to be diagnosed. Therefore, the individual is advised to see a Parkinson’s specialist to receive the most accurate diagnosis and consider what the best course of treatment for the individual would be.
...ions, deep brain stimulation and therapies, doctors are prepared to help the patient prepare for the road ahead (“Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research). Although researchers are working hard to find a cure, the future for patients with this disease is not bright. We can only hope that one day there will be a discovery to help those suffering from this disease.
...ieve high patient quality care. Parkinson’s disease can be well managed and if diagnosed the patient has full potential to live a meaningful life.
Goldmann, David R., and David A. Horowitz. American College of Physicians Home Medical Guide to Parkinson's Disease. New York: Dorling Kindersley Pub., 2000. Print.
for thousands of years. There is no cure for parkinsons disease but there is treatment as ell as
“Parkinson’s is the second most common neurological disease after Alzheimer’s. It has been described as a chronic, progressive, neurological disorder, which generally not life-threatening but is incurable (Magennis & Corry, 2013). Parkinson disease has no antidote but has altered treatments. Patients require caregivers help when PD gradually starts to affects motor, cognitive and emotional functioning. Patients are hindered from fulfilling their daily needs, thus necessitating the caregiver’s assistance.
The path physiology of Parkinson’s disease is the pathogenesis if Parkinson disease is unknown. Epidemiologic data suggest genetic, viral, and environmental toxins as possible causes. Nigral and basal loss of neurons with depletion of dopamine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, is the principal biochemical alteration in Parkinson disease. Symptoms in basal ganglia disorders result from an imbalance of dopaminergic (inhibitory) and cholinergic (excitatory) activity in the caudate and putamen of the basal ganglia.
Parkinson's is an idiopathic, multifactorial neurodegenerative disease that attacks neurotransmitters in the brain called dopamine. Dopamine is concentrated in a specific area of the brain called the substantia nigra. The neurotransmitter dopamine is a chemical that regulates muscle movement and emotion. Dopamine is responsible for relaying messages between the substantia nigra and other parts of the brain to control body movement. The death of these neurotransmitters affects the central nervous system. The most common symptoms are movement related, including shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement and difficulty with posture. Behavioral problems may arise as the disease progresses. Due to the loss of dopamine, Parkinson's patients will often experience depression and some compulsive behavior. In advanced stages of the disease dementia will sometimes occur. The implications of the disease on the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory and phonatory systems significantly control speech.
Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterised by resting tremor, slowed movements, rigidity and postural instability (Casey G, 2013). It is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s (Martin and Mills, 2012). There is a great variability in reported incidence rates, probably due to difference in diagnostic criteria and case ascertainment, with reported rates in Australia and in Western countries ranging from 8.6 to 19.0 per 100,000 population (J Macphee and D Stewart, 2012). The two main brain structures affected by Parkinson’s are the substantia nigra pars compacta, which is located in the midbrain and other parts of the basal ganglia, w...
Langston, J. W. "Current Theories on the Cause of Parkinson’s Disease. " Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 1989, suppl. ,pp. 13-i7.
Throughout history, treatments for Parkinson's disease have been informed by the technology available at the time. Ablation was widespread until medicines that provided superior effectiveness were discovered. Deep brain stimulation -not a new technology when it came into use as a PD treatment in the 1990s, but one whose potential had not been realized -provided further improvements, allowing for treatment when medications ceased to work. Deep brain stimulation allowed for a very powerful tool in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, but not one that was without risks. As our understanding of the brain becomes more sophisticated, the mechanisms by which deep brain stimulation works are becoming more clear, allowing it to be used more effectively, with fewer side effects, and with less risk of harm to the patient during surgery and after.
Parkinson's Disease is a perpetual, dynamic, neurodegenerative sickness of the elderly for the most part influencing individuals at the age of 60. Nearly 5 million people are suffering from this disease all over the world and 1.2 million people are suffering in United States and Canada with approximately 480 per million people are newly diagnosed each year. This disease not only affects the patient but also it is a cause of worry among patient's loved ones and family members. Though, the news of the recent disease diagnosis haunt every individual and his nears and dears but due to several support groups and societies and several scientific breakthroughs have put a ray of hope in the life of individual living with Parkinson's disease.
Dopamine acts to inhibit acetylcholine, which is responsible for muscular contractions. The gradual loss of dopamine is attributed to the abnormal nerve-firing patterns associated with Parkinson’s disease. Parkinson’s disease is a progressive disease caused by the deterioration of the central nervous system. In treatment, dopamine is presented to patients in the form of a precursor, L-DOPA. Dopamine is biosynthesized from one of 20 the essential amino acids. This occurs when tyrosine is converted to L-DOPA with hydroxylase. L-DOPA is then converted to dopamine via a decarboxylation
Michael J. Fox foundation is a very diligent place. The charity only deals with Parkinson’s disease. According to the foundation’s promise, it is “dedicated to finding a cure for Parkinson’s disease through an aggressively funded research” (MichaelJFoxFoundtion). The non-profit corporation, Michael J Fox foundation, with hard workers, is making an effort to cure the harmful
Parkinson's Disease has caused problems for many people in this world and plagued the elderly all over the world.Parkinson's disease still puzzles doctors and the causes are unknown. It is known that it is a non-communicable disease and may even be hereditary. Parkinson's disease is thought to be caused by external factors. Most of the cases of this disease are caused by progressive deterioration of the nerve cells, which control muscle movement. Dopamine, one of the substances used in the brain to transmit impulses, is produced in the area of deterioration.