I often think why the people of Kashmir were denied their right of self determination. Why they were sold away like a commodity. Did they not possess the status of human beings? Were they not a part of the united India like other Muslims of India? When a rule of democracy and self determination was being followed by the people of every part of the country then, how it came to be unavailable for this part of India.
Every one knows that the Muslims of India were not willing to live with biased Hindu majority because of their hypocritical character, pagan ideologies and no belief in the Day of Judgment. Muslims of India had realized this fact. The Two-Nation theory was the result of their feelings. The Muslim League was founded by Muslims of India in 1906. Allama Iqbal promulgated the idea of separate land piece for the Muslims of India in 1930. This idea of independent state was endorsed by the Muslims of all India in March 1940 through the Pakistan Resolution at Lahore. The idea of independent state in the territories where the Muslims were in majority was also accepted and endorsed by the British Government of India in June 1943. All of these facts are on the record and no one can deny it.
If the rule was democracy, if the rule was the aspirations of the majority of the people, as today the people of the world accept and according to which government of India acceded and annexed the two Muslim princely states of Junagadh and Hyderabad to their dominion then, why the people of Kashmir were not allowed to exercise the same. This shows that the Muslims of India were right in their thinking of Hindu hypocrisy, bias and selfishness.
Kashmir was a Muslim majority territory through centuries with 94 per cent Muslim population....
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...f unfair means to prolong its illegal occupation of the held Kashmir such as armed forces with extra ordinary authorities to curb the protest of the people.
Pakistan has been continually supporting the Cause of Kashmir. From the first day to this day, every Popular Pakistani leader has been striving to provide the people of Kashmir the right of self determination. Quaid e Azam, Shaeed Liaquat Ali Khan and Shaheed Z.A. Bhutto declared that the Pakistan will fight for thousand years Shaheed B.B. declared the February 5th as the Kashmir Solidarity Day. Nawaz Sharif is determined to fight on every level for Cause of Kashmir. The Parliamentary Special Committee on Kashmir has been also established to achieve the same object. Pakistan holds that the status quo cannot be considered as a solution and insists on a plebiscite as enshrined in the United Nations Resolutions.
The British established a strong government over 500 million people and was able to keep India in it’s feet (Lalvani, Doc #3). During their rule, however, the government only served under the British and their needs and only 16% of the government was Indian. The British also established Indian armies and military academies for “protection” of India (Gandhi). However, these Indian armies were trained more to control India than to protect it and they were also were trained to kill their own people in cold blood without second thought. The power that the Indians let the British get ensured that the Indians were not going to be free in their own country for a long
The Indian Independence Bill, which carves the independent nations of India and Pakistan out of the former Mogul Empire. The long-awaited agreement ended 200 years of British rule. The religious friction between Hindus and Muslims, which had delayed Britain’s granting of Indian independence after World War II, messed with Gandhi’s excitement. In the northern province of Punjab, (which was divided between Hindu-dominated India and Muslim-dominated Pakistan), hundreds of people were killed in the first few days after independence.
In the case of Hinduism and Islam, the major differences in both of their religious beliefs lead to the occurrence of many religious conflicts. In the middle ages, Islam expanded into the “Indian Peninsula”, and began to threaten the way of life of many Hindus. Muslims, the worshippers of Islam, believe in one God because their religion is monotheistic, and is based upon the teachings of Muhammad; who lived between the time periods of 570-632 BCE (Sullivan). On the other hand, Hinduism is believed to be a polytheistic religion whereby they have a set of diverse beliefs. These two religions are different in many aspects especially when it pertains to their respective practices, places of worship and their religious laws or principles. Nonetheless, these differences sparked violence, and created a strong tension between these two religions. This religious tension that coexisted among the Indian Hindus and Indian Muslims caused the creation of the Muslim League in the year 1906. The purpose of the Muslim League was to protect the civil rights of the Muslim Indians (Sullivan). However, despite many efforts to stop each other from gaining excess power over one another, it marked the beginning of many religious conflicts between these two
Inda was fighting a war within themselves over religious differences. The country was divided by the Muslims and the Hindus. Both religions thought that they were the supier ones and the other was ludicrous. The two religions used cricket, a sport that was once their safe haven, as new grounds to deteriorize eachother for their religious choices. (Doc 7) Peace makers like Ghandi tried fighting for peace between the two religions but the hatred of one other overbeared the love both religons shared for their country. Ghandi was later murdered because of the never ending hostility of the two religions, but not before he was able to express his opinion on cricket tournament teams being seperated based on religion. He spoke about how religiously based teams were taboo and unsportsmanlike, and that the desciosn to draft the teams like that never made sense to him. (Doc 8) The religous conflict wasn’t even resolved when India and Pakistan split into different countries in 1947 because of their pronounced religious tensions. If you were a Muslim still residing in India after the split, you were expected to cheer for the Hindus, and celebrate when they won. It was considered shameful to be upset about the Muslims losing. (Doc 9) If you wanted to cheer for the Muslims, it was only accepted to do so in Pakistan. The battle between the two religons is still as strident today and it was over a hundred years ago. At this point,
British imperialism had a negative impact on the politics of India because the British did not unite India and the British did not create the framework for India’s justice system. Dr. Lalvani claims, “the British brought all the ungoverned states together and formed one united India” (Lalvani). “Although the British brought the states together, a division was created between the Hindus and Muslims which prevented all of India from being completely united” (Gandhi). The British created the division between the Hindus and Muslims so they could prevent all of India from uniting against Britain’s colonial rule of India. With the division between the two religions, the British would be able to control the whole country more easily than if the whole country was united. Some of India’s native government officials believed that the only thing that the Hindus and Muslims had in common was that they were being oppressed in their own country. The friction between the two religions caused the people to blame each other for their problems which eventually turned violent. The tension between the two religions often went as far as killing each other. According
Gandhi’s implementation for the Salt March was the result of British colonization of India, which had caused a change in the lifestyle of the Indians. In 1975 when the East India Company established manufacturing monopolies, which assisted the British to exercise their powers over the salt facilities in India by applying salt taxes. As the British occupied the salt works, the Indian population became deprived of one of the most important resources. Thus, the Indians in nation began to fall apart, because the strict British ruling restricted the Indians to perform against the salt taxes. The Salt March was a way that Gandhi sought to inspire a strong uniformity in the minds of the many. These Indians soon adapted to Gandhi’s nonviolent belief and became known as the satyagrahis, w...
India is a land where everyone jointly used to live with each other, where each community had their own rules and regulations according to their needs; it all ended when the British Crown intruded their rule and forever ravaged life as it was known in India. The British Raj by-product was, a mass migration occurring all across the new boundaries as well as on the estimated loss of a million lives in the communal bloodbaths involving Hindus, Muslims, and also Sikhs in the Punjab (Kaul). The better greatly altered India till this date seems to have no harmony in what was known as India before British rule. Today, neighboring countries India and Pakistan are just waiting for a signal to demolish each other. British rule has irreparably damaged the peace in what is now known as India, Pakistan and Bangladesh today.
On March 26th, 1971, the independence of Bangladesh was announced over the radio from the city of Chittagong on the account of the Awami League and their leader, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. Soon, a resistance was organized in all the cities and towns of the country by the Awami League politicians, Bengali
During the Cold War, many regional conflicts occurred and were noted as the significant battles which later led to decolonization. One of the regional conflicts were India and Pakistan fighting for their independence. In 1947, India was released under Great Britain’s control and gained its independence. However, the country was divided between Muslims and Hindus, which share different religions. Muslims wanted church and state to become unified while Hindus wanted a separation of these two establishments. Since these two ethnic groups disagreed, it was difficult to create a new government. Therefore, India was divided into two nations: India for the Hindus and Pakistan for the Muslims. Hindus and Muslims were racing to the border in order to get to their nation state which led to killing 500,000 people due to rioting. Although, Mohandas Gandhi, an Indian National Congressman, wanted to obtain peace between these two religions. Pakistan refused the H...
The history of tribal oppression in India is an old one. “The Sanyasi Revolt”, “The Wahabi Movement”, and “The Naxalbari Rebellion”, are evidence of the tribal outcry that appropriately foregrounds their requirement for fundamental rights as citizens of the country. Even after sixty six years of independence, India’s rural poor and tribals are lamenting under the curbing effects of destitution, unemployment, undernourishment, illiteracy and human trafficking. For these people, the notions of liberty, equality and democracy have no meaning at all. Though the country is free from the bondage of foreign rule, their repression and prejudices still continue leaving them dependent on their new masters.
Choudhry, Dr. Shabir. “Human Security and Protection of Rights of Kashmiri People under Pakistani Administration.” Counterurrents.org. N.p., 18 Mar. 2011. Web. 15 May 2011. .
The British invasion formed into a historical development of British colonialism in India. Despite India under the British rule, Mahatma Gandhi played an important role in gaining Independence. He not only changed India but also strongly fought for India's independence, using various strategies. The British Empire ruled as long as they could to reform India both politically and socially.
14 August, 1947, saw the birth of the new Islamic Republic of Pakistan. At midnight the next day India won its freedom from colonial rule, ending nearly 350 years of British presence in India. During the struggle for freedom, Gandhi had written an appeal "To Every Briton" to free their possessions in Asia and Africa, especially India (Philips and Wainwright, 567). The British left India divided in two. The two countries were founded on the basis of religion, with Pakistan as an Islamic state and India as a secular one.
Ruby Kaur May 10, 2014 Source 1 Ricardo Pollack is distinguished as a director because of the documentary, Partition: The Day India Burned (2007). The documentary itself discusses the detrimental consequences of the withdrawal of Britain's reign from India in 1947, which led to the forced relocation of men, women, and even children across newly defined border lines, along with violence, rape, and murder. The film makes its argument through dramatized reconstructions and witness testimonies, which offer personal insight into the horrors of the partition and conjure up feelings of sympathy and remorse. The film intends to make an educated public more aware of how an ethnically diverse nation was tragically divided and its effects on civilian lives. This is a secondary source with primary sources because it is based on witness testimonies and an actual historical event, but offers its own evaluation on the issue through dramatized reconstructions of the event.
India, before 1947, was a country divided by many regions, languages, religions and cultures. On August 14th, 1947, the Islamic Republic of Pakistan became independent. On August 15th, 1947, the jewel of the British Empire, India, was granted independence. India had been divided, primarily along a religious line, into two pieces.