Oliver 1 The brain is essential to growth and development in humans. During the critical period of development, how we experience the world plays a role in our brain development. In recent years, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has become prevalent among disorders that affect brain development. Due to advancements in technology, the world is able to understand how important brain research is to the early detection of autism. Leo Kanner is the first person to formally identified autism. In 1943, Kanner labeled autism as “autistic disturbance of affective contact”. Initially, there was a lot of confusion concerning Kanner’s description of autism because it was closely related to the characterization of other mental disorders (Blancher and Christensen 2011). In order to effectively study and understand the causes of disruption in the brain, researchers have done experiments to explore the differences between a normal brain and an autistic brain. Researchers have found that structural differences, such as size and composition, can have a significant impact on how the autistic brain processes information. Therefore, there is a variation between a normal person and one with autism. Structural differences cause an autistic person to have impaired social interaction and difficulty with communication, both verbal and nonverbal. Early signs of ASD may appear in the reflexive/spontaneous phase (third fetal month to the first year of life). Autistic infants tend to avoid interactions with other humans. They tend to avoid eye contact and react adversely to touch. Additionally, autistic children do not develop as fast as normal children. A normal child will grasp an object or react to various body gestures given by others. On ... ... middle of paper ... ...ten and Casein Free Diets in Autism: A Study of the Effects on Food Choice and Nutrition”. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 2002, 15: 261–269. Goldring, Stacy; Herrera, Adriana M.; Hepburn, Susan; Laura Greiss-Hess; Suzanne Macari; Sally J. Rogers; Sally Ozonoff; Joel Steele; Gregory S. Young. "Gross Motor Development, Movement Abnormalities, and Early Identification of Autism". The Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2008, 38 (4): 644-656. John, L.R.; Morrow, Eric M.; Walsh, Christopher A. “Autism and Brain Development”. The Cell, 2008, 135:396–400. Palmer, Pat and Priven, Joseph. “Psychiatric Disorder and the Broad Autism Phenotype: Evidence from a Family Study of Multiple-Incidence Autism Families.” The American Journal of Psychiatry, 1999, 156(4):557-567. Reynolds, Livingston and Wilson. Measurement and Assessment in Education.
Structure and function can not be separated from one another and changes in one indicate alterations in the other. Because an autistic person has brain defects, a reasonable assumption is made that changes in structure will alter the behavior. An autistic person is characterized by having impaired social interaction, difficulty with communication both verbal and nonverbal, trouble with imagination, and limited activities and interests. By analyzing the abnormal behaviors of the autistic person, the roles that the cerebellum, the corpus callosum, the amygdala, and the hippocampus play in the disease can be inferred.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can be detected early in a child’s life. ASD is a developmental disorder classified by problems with social interaction,
As every child grows up in a different environment, not all have a safe one to grow up in and as a result everything that surrounds them becomes apart of the clarity that their mind incorporates and becomes apart of that child 's behavior of way. In terms of brain development children or teens often listen, and see what is around them, it is also said, by researchers of the National Institute of Health, that in recent studies that were made that in teen years massive loss of brain tissue...
Autism is a complex developmental disability that presents itself during the first three years of a person’s life (Nordqvist). Some children even develop normally until eighteen to twenty-four months old and then stop using or lose his/her skills (Bhargava). This condition is the result of a neurological disorder that affects a person’s normal brain functions, including the development of a person’s communication and social skills (Nordqvist).
Nature vs nurture it's a touchy subject is poor Bobbi bisexual by genetic reasons or was it his how he was raised. these issues can range from personality addictions and even mental illness and disorder in the case of this paper autism. In this paper i will explore nature vs nurture and in turn desect this mental and developmental disorder. Ranging from physiology to behaviour of the autistic.
...a casein-free diet was 19.9ng⁄mL, for participants not on a casein-free diet it was 19.6ng⁄mL, and for controls it was 17ng⁄mL. There were no differences in the measurements of 25 (OH) D in all groups. About sixty-one percent, fifty-four children, had concentrations of less than 20ng⁄mL. This is the minimum concentration recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics to ensure good bone health. These children could be at risk for problems associated with vitamin D deficiency. This includes concerns with bone health and calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Children with autism spectrum disorder are limited to what activities they can do and usually are not exposed to much sunlight causing them to be at a greater risk. Understanding the needs and taking preventive measures for children with autism will help reduce the risk of health problems as they enter adulthood.
Although some dietary treatments have been developed by therapists, many are not supported scientifically due to this treatment possibly affecting a child positively but then having no effect on another. Dietary treatments are used to take certain ingredients out or input them into a child’s diet in order to make a difference to their child’s autistic behaviour.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is one of the most common developmental disabilities in our society today. Most commonly delineated with impairments in social and cognitive processes, specifically social interaction (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2006). Today, this disability is more prevalent than in year’s prior, and continues to complicate the lives of many individuals. Although ASD is a social disorder, some research also provides evidence of a deficit in an individual’s perception of movement, which too stems from both social and cognitive processes (Kasier & Shiffrar, 2009).
Ramachandran, Vilayanur S., and Lindsay S. Oberman. "Broken Mirrors: A Theory of Autism." Scientific American Journal. (2006): 62-69. Web. 29 Nov. 2013.
There is no known single cause of autism. Researchers are investigating a number of possible theories including genetics, heredity, medical problems, problems during pregnancy or delivery, as well as environmental influences. It is widely accepted that it is caused by abnormalities in the brain structure or function. There is evidence from neuropathological studies that autism has its origins in abnormal brain development early in prenatal life which continues postnatally, showing acceleration in brain growth measured by head circumference (Zwaigenbaum, L., Bryson, S., Rogers, T., Roberts, W., Brian, J., & Szatmari, P., 2005). The disorder also seems to have a genetic basis, although researchers have yet to find the specific genes that link to the onset of autism. There could be a cluster of genes that have somehow interfered with normal brain development and function. Studies show that twins of children with autism were more likely to be autistic themselves than the regular population, demonstrating there is a heredity lin...
Understanding autism, which is professionally known as Autism Spectrum Disorder, otherwise known as (ADS) can be a difficult task, especially for someone who is not trained in helping persons with disabilities. The first person to discover autism was a child psychiatrist, Dr. Leo Kanner in 1943. He names the spectrum disorder after the Greek word autos, meaning of or for oneself, due to the way the child display social avoidance. Many doctors’ believed in the past that autism was caused by the way the mother not caring for her child properly or ignoring him or her. There was also a time when it was thought to be caused by certain environmental stresses that cause neurological issues within the brain. Autism is one of the most misunderstood
Autism is characterized as a developmental disorder that is seen in children by the age of three years old. Autism affects the brains normal, natural development, and causes many impairments. The major impairments that affect an individual are reciprocal socialization, Qualitative impairment in communication, and repetitive or unusual behavior. Signs of Autism can be seen in early infanthood, with proper awareness and resources. An infant child can appear to be adverse to eye contact early on. Some signs in early infancy appear as being indifferent to affection and physical contact. When spoken to, they can appear to be deaf or ignoring the parent or caregiver. Noticing the early red flags of Autism can provide an early intervention and give the child the best chance at learning to tolerate their environment. Children around three years old will display certain signs and symptoms.
Autism usually occurs within the first three years of life, and drastically affects the development of a child. It is also the fastest growing developmental disorder in the United States (Autism Project, 2014). One out of eighty- eight children is diagnosed with Autism, and boys are five times more likely to be diagnosed (ASDS 2013). Many areas of development are affected by autism. This is a disease that disturbs the brains normal development of communication, social interaction, and sensory processing (Inc 2013).
Office of Communications and Public Liaison. (2013, November 6). NIH. Retrieved from National Institute of Neurological Disorder and Stroke: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/autism/detail_autism.htm#243513082
Koizumi, H. (2004). ScienceDirect.com - Brain and Development - The concept of developing the brain: a new natural science for learning and education. ScienceDirect. Retrieved April 1, 2014, from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii