Keywords—component; Artificial Intelligence, BCI, Robot, EEG, Fuzzy Systems.
I. INTRODUCTION
Brain Computer Interface (BCI) is method to convert brain activities signal to understandable action for machine or robot or any actuator, one of the commonly method to get brain activities is electroencephalography (EEG) system which is easier and low cost and also non-invasive method compare to other brain computer interface systems [1], [2]. In Recent researches of non-invasive brain computer interface based on EEG to control actuators result of create some equipment that controlled with brain, for example electrical wheelchairs [3], mobile Robots [4], humanoid robots [5].
In all the research and projects so far have been made with this method (Brain computer interface), all subject controlled by a person brain, an example of the research that has been done by Millan et al. [4] was on mobile robots has been controlled by a person brain. Or control the electrical wheelchair made a non-invasive method by thinking about it that the person was able to move between rooms [3].
Or in a project humanoid robot with brain activities signals of a person to control the movement with non-invasive technique for left, right and forward movement [5].
In all of these experiments, one person can only control the one subject by mental, So far the experiment has not been done by several person to control a subject such as control of robot movement for example control movements of a humanoid robot by several person or in a sensitive motion control of a robotic arm, for example, working with chemicals materials and other materials that are dangerous for humans by a few specialists or the control of a surgeon robot by thinking of the several surgeon to su...
... middle of paper ...
... et al., "Noninvasive brain-actuated control of a mobile robot by human EEG," Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on, vol.
51, pp. 1026-1033, 2004.
[4] J. Millan, et al., "Noninvasive brain-actuated control of a mobile robot by human EEG," Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on, vol.
51, pp. 1026-1033, 2004.
[5] G. Pfurtscheller, et al., "The hybrid BCI," Frontiers in Neuroscience,
[6] Yongwook Chae, Sungho Jo, Jaeseung Jeong,” Brain-actuated Humanoid Robot Navigation Control using
Asynchronous Brain-Computer Interface”, IEEE EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering Cancun, 2011
[7] Microchip Technology Inc. 28/40/44-Pin, High Performance,
Enhanced Flash, USB Microcontrollers with nano watt Technology January 2013,DS39632D-pages1-428available at: http://www.microchip.com/TechDoc.aspx?type=datasheet&product=pic18f4550
The purpose of this paper is to inform the reader about Wilder Penfield and his research over electric brain stimulation. This essay will give a brief biography of Wilder Penfield, a description of his research, and finally discuss the insight his experiments provided and the influence they had on our body and behavior in general.
I picked an article on the prosthetic limbs, which are controlled by your own thought. The unique part of this prosthetic is that It has 26 joints, is controlled by the person’s own mind and has the power to curl up to a incredible 45 pounds. Imagine being able to control a prosthetic just by thinking about the next move. The limb has been described as Modular, which gives them the power to accommodate anyone in particular that has either the hand missing to the whole entire arm. It can be also used as a surrogate arm for those who have suffered a stroke and lost movement of their own arm. This just an incredible part of science that getting develop and study by John Hopkins University.
Even if optogenetics remains as purely a research tool and does not give rise to beneficial effects directly in our species, it has still offered humans an unparalleled look into the function and dysfunction of the nervous system. Optogenetics has been adopted in laboratories around the world and enabled scientists to increase or decrease the activity of exclusive brain expanses on command. Great insight has been obtained through the use of this research tool and a great deal more
Moreover, EEG provides a direct and real time measurement of neural activity. The temporal resolution is of the order of a few milliseconds, which allow rapid changes in cortical function to be followed. On the other hand the spatial resolution is relatively low (6, 7).
These two hemispheres have been thought to work independently if separated from one another. The idea that these two hemispheres of the brain can co-exist independently functioning as separate conscious minds is an interesting one. An idea that was explored in 1981 by Roger Sperry. He pioneered the study of what he called “split-brained” patients. A “split-brained” patient is a person who has had the two hemispheres of their brain disconnected to treat severe epilepsy. The left hand and eye supply data to the right hemisphere and the right hand and eye supply data to the left. In these “split-brained” patients tests were conducted to show that each half was isolated from the other. These same tests allowed the function of each half i...
Robotic rehabilitation therapy can be a valuable tool for the recovery of patients who have suffered from a stroke or brain injury. Certain therapeutic robots can also help with Alzheimer, Autism and even Cancer. Robotic assisted rehabilitation therapy has the potential to enhance traditional techniques by improving precision and consistency, especially in therapies that involve repetitive movement. Moreover, therapeutic robots have the ability to record data that can be used to statistically measure a patient’s recovery and keep a track on their progress. This will enable therapists to optimize their treatment techniques according to the patient’s specific needs. Furthermore, robot assisted therapy does not need supervision which reduce...
When exploring the possibilities that humans will be faced with in the not too distant future in which humans are transformed into something that is human but different, the Trans-human. We see a future offering genetic manipulation, replace parts grown and used when needed, we can even see the possibilities of regeneration. The one that I contend will be the first and probably the fastest path to the future of mankind is the machine brain interface. I define this idea as any device that is not native to the biological human that interacts directly with the brain producing results that either enhance a person’s natural ability or somehow bypasses limitations that injury or disease has inflicted the individual with (paralysis). The closest
L. R. Hochberg, M. D. (2006). Neuronal ensemble control of prostetic devices by a human with tetraplegia. Nature, 164-71.
The brain is the control center of the human body. It sends and receives millions of signals every second, day and night, in the form of hormones, nerve impulses, and chemical messengers. This exchange of information makes us move, eat, sleep, and think.
Prevosto, V., & Sommer, M.A. (2013). Cognitive Control of Movement Via the Cerebellar-Recipient Thalamus. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 7, 1-8.
Brain-computer interfaces provide a wide array of possibilities for people with physical disabilities. This could change the lives of thousands, think of all the people suffering from illnesses or complications such as paralysis, locked in syndrome, stroke or severe brain trauma. B...
Throughout the course of history many people in time had no idea that many creatures of life had brains. With remarkable breakthroughs in technology and through human ability to take pictures of the human brain through head scans, scientists have discovered and mapped out the human brain. As neuroscientists understand how the brain works, discovery of brain-based learning has been a growing field ever since. Education is extremely important for human beings because the more educated we are as a society the better we contribute to society. Knowledge is extremely powerful and as a future educator, understanding how the brain works and developing lesson plans surrounding the inner workings of the brain will allow learning to manifest in the classroom.
Quantum computing is the first step into all technologies of the future. It involves using electric patterns in the brain to control electronics. A twenty-six-year-old quadriplegic has an implant the size of an aspirin sitting on the top of his brain that allows him to play simple video games, control a robotic arm, and even turn on and off a TV. By 2012 cyber kinetic chips could be able to process thoughts as fast as speech (Taylor). The transition eventually will be made from implants to headbands with unimaginable power. With this headband “Any kind of information is available anytime [a user wants]it, simply speak a question or even think it. [Once connected, a person]will always be connected wirelessly to the network, and an answer will return from a vast collectively-prodeuced data matrix. Google queries will seem quaint”(Kirkpatrick). With this breakthrough, the necessity to learn languages may disappear (Kirkpatrick). The biggest step is “network e...
...ings to ignore. For example, they affect the manner in which the brain functions. Robots also affect the social life of people, in society, which has become an ethical issue among many researchers. On the right side, robots also offer security to families and companies and perform duties that are dangerous to human beings. In addition to that, robots are of benefit in the medical field especially to students with disabilities and those awaiting organ transplant procedures. This is where robots help them remain in touch with their friends. However, there are many security concerns in regard of robotic objects, especially when people use them in place of human interactions. However, the coming days may produce advanced robots with sensor-based, animated devices that use expressive sound, light, movement a screens to praise, encourage, advice and comfort human beings.
Robots are one of the artificial intelligence that made a breakthrough across all fields of life. In consequence, many research studies and projects regarding robots took place in the last decade. In addition, robots in the society could be one of the essential machines, due to their multitask system which could adjusted to any kind of performance. In general society could use these machines to fill manpower gap in short time with less cost. Therefore, robots can have huge positive effects on different fields of life such as emergency situations, daily chores, and manufacturing industry.