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Medical Surgical nursing chapter 3
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Bowel resection (Colostomy/Ileostomy)
Cancer is a disease that affects everyone everywhere, rich and poor, black and white, brown and yellow, Mexican, American, Russian, and Singaporean, unbiased without preference. Cancer is a much studied and researched topic and although great advances in medicinal treatments through research have been discovered and developed, a cure has yet to be discovered. Cancer can affect any organ in the body and thus can present itself at anytime anywhere in our bodies. There are known substances (carcinogens) that place the general population at risk to develop cancer, however exposure to carcinogens and cancerous agents are not the only reason for cancer and tumor development.
Nearly all colorectal cancers that begin as adenomatous polyps are adenocarcinomas. Most tumors develop in the rectum and sigmoid colon, although any portion of the colon may be affected. The tumor typically grows undetected, producing few manifestations. By the time manifestations occur, the disease may have spread into deeper layers of the bowel tissue and adjacent organs. Colorectal cancer spreads by direct extension to involve the entire bowel circumference, the sub-mucosa, and outer bowel wall layers. Neighboring structures such as the liver, greater curvature of the stomach, duodenum, small intestine, pancreas, spleen genitourinary tract, and abdominal wall also may be involved in the direct extension. Metastasis to regional lymph nodes is the most common form of tumor spread. This is not always an orderly process; distal nodes may contain cancer cells while regional nodes remain normal. Cancerous cells from the primary tumor may spread by way of the lymphatic system or circulatory system to secondary sites such as t...
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...ile colitis) following ileostomy closures is uncommon, but should be suspected when patients do not follow the usual postoperative clinical course following this elective surgery. Although most CDC patients will not die from the infection, the infections associated with an escalating frequency of complications
and this correlates with the age and comorbidity of the patient”.
In conclusion, the patient undergoing a bowel resection procedure is not only at risk for possible complications intraoperative, but also postoperative may be at risk for contracting other infections that may increase length of stay, added medical bills, increase anxiety and predispose the patient to other infections and diseases while he/she remains in the hospital.
References:
LeMone. P., Burke. K., & Bauldoff. G. (2011). Medical surgical nursing: Critical thinking in patient care.
Critical thinking and knowledge are the foundation of nursing practice, and the most essential elements in providing quality nursing care. Nu...
...s of normal flora in the intestines causing more competition for space making it hard for C. difficile to flourish. The intestine is put back into homeostasis. The risk for problems associated with antimicrobial use like the development of antimicrobial resistant bacteria are decreased or completely eliminated with the use of stool transplantation making it an effective treatment for Clostridium difficile infection.2
Colon cancer is the third most common cancer in men and women, responsible for more than 57,000 deaths in 2001 alone. Colon polyps, which can lead to colon cancer, are found in about 30-40% of people aged 60 or older- and the risks of polyps increase with age” (Lerche Davis, 2003). Most cases of colon cancer start as small adenomatous polyps. Many people experience no signs or symptoms in the early stages of colon cancer. Some signs and symptoms can include diarrhea, constipation, or any change in consistency of your stool that continues for longer than a month. Any bleeding from the rectum or blood found in the stool can also be a sign of colon cancer. Continuing abdominal pain, cramps, gas, weakness, fatigue and unexplained weight loss could all be signs of rectal cancer in the patient (Staff,
Inflammatory bowel diseases include Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. It can lead to severe bowel problems, abdominal pain and malnutrition. Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis can also be painful and debilitating. Medication can eliminate symptoms, in addition to prevent flare-ups. Surgery may be needed in some cases to repair the colon.
Is fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) effective treatment for patients with Ulcerative Colitis (UC). UC is a chronic inflammation of the large intestine. FMT is used to describe the delivery of a healthy donors stool into a patient via enema, colonoscope, or nasogastric tube. In the past several years FMT has been used for an alternative treatment with patients diagnosed with Clostridium difficile (CD). The purpose of this paper is to discuss if FMT is just as effective in treating UC over just medication. The articles below will give insight if this theory is true or not.
Colon cancer develops in the part of the gastrointestinal tract that absorbs water and minerals before waste products are disposed via the rectum. In women endometrial cancer is related to colon cancer. This type of cancer is the second leading cause of death due to cancer in the United States. Over one-hundred fifty thousand individuals will be diagnosed this year and this cancer will probably be responsible for about 47,900 deaths in 1999 (http://www.cancer.org). Most colon cancers are adenocarcinomas that develop from the glandular cells. Ninety percent of all colon cancer cases will develop in individuals after 50 years of age. Ninety percent of all tumors arise from polyps that are commonly found in people older than 50. Prevention includes regular exercise and a diet high in fiber. The most important risk factor is age. Medical screening includes a yearly blood occult test after age 50 and a colonoscopy every 3 years after age 50. Regular screening detects polyps that have become precancerous. If regular screening is not done, the cancer is not detected until blood is found in the...
Critical incidents are snapshots of something that happens to a patient, their family or nurse. It may be something positive, or it could be a situation where someone has suffered in some way (Rich & Parker 2001). Reflection and analysis of critical incidents is widely regarded as a valuable learning tool for nurses. The practice requires us to explore our actions and feelings and examine evidence-based literature, thus bridging the gap between theory and practice (Bailey 1995). It also affords us the opportunity of changing our way of thinking or practicing, for when we reflect on an incident we can learn valuable lessons from what did and did not work. In this way we develop self-awareness and skills in critical thinking and problem solving (Rich & Parker 2001). Critical incidents ???
Lunney, M. (2010). Use of critical thinking in the diagnostic process. International Journal Of Nursing Terminologies & Classifications,21(2), 82-88. doi:10.1111/j.1744-618X.2010.01150.x
Caring promotes patient health, individual growth, and stimulates coping skills, and therefore must always be emphasized in holistic patient care (Zimmerman & Phillips). In addition to its value in patient care it is also a central component of a nurses critical thinking process (Zimmerman & Phillips, 2000). “According to Brookfield (1987), critical thinking is a process of active inquiry which combines reflective analysis with informed action and has an emotive or affective component that is central to this process”(Zimmerman & Phillips, 2000, p. 223). Thus, when a nurse is aware of their patient’s holistic needs they are better able to care for their patient and in doing so enhance their critical thinking abilities (Zimmerman &
...ect the patients body, to allow them to watch for and avoid those foods if at all possible (Crohns and Colitis Foundation of America, 2012). Diet can also be affected by shortening of the bowel during surgery, causing absorption issues which may indicate needing more food or special nutrition to make up for what is being otherwise lost.
Many things in our genes, lifestyle, and the environment may increase our risk of getting cancer. To reduce our chances to develop cancer, we may change our diet and lifestyle, also, if the cancerous cells are found earlier, and medicines to treat precancerous cells may keep cancer from starting. Some types of cancer can be found before they cause symptoms. By having screenings, doctors can find and treat cancer early. Screening examinations are applied to...
Cancer is a disease that affects human somatic cells. It causes the cells to divide uncontrollably and form masses known as tumors. There are two different types of cancer tumors. Some tumors are benign and other tumors are malignant. Benign tumors look similar to the tissues that they came from and develop slowly. The tumor remains in the same area that the tumor originated in. Malignant tumors are formed from cells that do not resemble the tissue that they came from. They vary in shape and size. This enables pieces of the tumor to break off and spread to other places in the body. Over the past few decades cancer has become a very prominent disease. There are many different types of cancer and many different causes for the the disease. Most cancers are because of a genetic mutation. The most common type occur when a cell is dividing. Proto-oncogenes, which are alleles in a normal cells, mutate to form oncogenes. These oncogenes cause cancer because they do not allow the cells to self destruct or become epistatic. There have been several research projects which have been testing epistatis.
What exactly is cancer? About 100 types of cancer affect human beings. Cancer can strike young, middle-aged and old people and it occurs equally among people of both sexes. Cancer can occur anywhere in the body and may spread to other parts. It can occur in most species of animals and many kinds of plants as well.
...ischarged, until the patient gains bowel function. This time may vary. Most patients are normally on a fluid restricted diet, until there intestines are fully recovered from the surgery. (Mayo Clinic, 2012)
Although students were not allowed in the recovery unit, I was able to talk to one of the recovery nurses. I learned that a nurse’s duty of care includes monitoring the patient’s vital signs and level of consciousness, and maintaining airway patency. Assessing pain and the effectiveness of pain management is also necessary. Once patients are transferred to the surgical ward, the goal is to assist in the recovery process, as well as providing referral details and education on care required when the patient returns home (Hamlin, 2010).