A theory that can be applied to the factors that influence a laboring mothers’ choice of pain control is a borrowed theory. A borrowed theory is synonymous with a rubber band ball. A rubber band ball is made up of numerous rubber bands wrapped around each other to form a ball. A borrowed theory is information (rubber bands) that is assembled from different disciplines and incorporated into nursing practice (rubber band ball). The most applicable borrowed theory would be Richard Lazarus’ Stress, Coping, Adaptation Theory. “Lazarus’ theory deals with how a person copes with stressful situations” (McEwen & Wills, 2011, p. 288). This theory is categorized under the stress theories. “The stress theories provide nursing with a framework to understand the effects that stress has on the individual and how the individual responds to stressful situations or life events” (McEwen & Wills, 2011, p. 287). The stressful situation identified is a woman going through the different stages of labor and experiencing the pain that goes with it. Richard Lazarus was a highly educated (PhD), award winning, book writing, Professor of Psychology. He specialized in, “emotion theory and research, health psychology or behavioural medicine, personality and social psychology, research clinical psychology, stress and coping theory” (Lazarus, Richard S., 2002). Several influences from Lazarus span from research, to checklists to projects that all relate to stress. He worked with several others during the research phase of his career. For instance, “…he did research on autonomic discrimination without awareness (which McCleary and he called subception), hunger and perception, projective tests, perceptual defense (with Eriksen), and motivational and cognitive f... ... middle of paper ... ...c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#db=mmt&AN=TIP07002744 Kolcaba, K., Dowd, T., Steiner, R., & Mitzel, A. (2004). Efficacy of hand massage for enhancing the comfort of hospice patients. Journal of Hospice & Palliative Nursing, 6(2), 91-102. Retrieved from http://ehis.ebscohost.com.library.gcu.edu:2048/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=12&sid=2de162ef-afff-4a48-8415-83dcedf9530a%40sessionmgr110&hid=104 Lazarus, Richard S. (2002). In Biographical Dictionary of Psychology. Retrieved from http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?qurl=http%3A2F%2Fwww.credoreference.com/entry/routbiopsy/lazarus_richard_s Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1987). Transactional theory and research on emotions and coping. European Journal of Personality, 1(3), 141-169. Retrieved from http://ehis.ebscohost.com.library.gcu.edu:2048/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=4&sid=6af88033-cdff-4c3b-8b49-dadc2d302c35%40sessionmgr4004&hid=4105
Psychodynamic approaches often come under a lot of criticism as they fail to be explicit about the underlying bases of the theory. Cognitive theories are not very comfortable with explaining emotions and behavioural theories have difficulty explaining the mechanisms of improvements.
...ning again. I believe that the medical aspects of life and quality in general are much more looked at today then they have been in past years. The work of massage along with the knowledge of kinesiology has improved our modern medicines and is one of the best impacts we have today for healthier lifestyles. The way physical touch in massage keeps your body and mind more together is on of the best ways to impact not only the person receiving the massage, but therapist also.
The TMSC was developed by the collaboration of two professors in psychology, Richard S. Lazarus and Susan Folkman, who were both residents of the San Francisco Bay Area. After exploring human behavior extensively, both theorists started ambitious projects in studying stress and coping through the establishment of the University of California, Berkeley Stress and Coping Project. In 1984, the project resulted in the publication of the TMSC as an academic book, which then became “one of the most read and cited academic book in psychology” (Hyman, 2002). In fact, the publication of the model shaped and advanced our understanding of human behavior, specifically about stress and
Touch is as essential to a healthy and happy life as eating right, getting proper sleep, and exercising. With the world growing more technological, the need for healthy human contact is more important than ever. Massage and body therapies are an age old healing refuge for us in this fast-paced, stressed-out world. The practice of massage therapy is rapidly growing in the United States. It has so much to offer and is becoming more widely accepted by doctors and the general public. Massage is touching another person by such movements as rubbing, kneading, pressing, rolling, slapping, and tapping. This type of therapy provides circulation of the blood and lymph, relaxation of muscles, relief from pain, restoration of metabolic balance, and many other benefits both physical and mental. There is much historical evidence to indicate that massage is one of the earliest remedies for pain relief and for the restoration of a healthy body. It is said to be the most natural and instinctive means of relieving pain and discomfort. Massage has proven to be an effective method for treating many conditions for thousands of years and it will continue to be used for thousands of years to come. Massage therapy is a great treatment for the body and soul.
Parker M. E., & Smith M. C. (2010). Nursing theories and nursing practice (3rd ed.).
Weerapong, Hume and Kolt (2005) define massage therapy as a physical manipulation of muscles and soft tissues of the body, with the aim of promoting well-being and good health. Some of the mechanical activities involved in massage therapy include exertion of rhythmical pressure, stroking, rolling and rubbing. Massage therapy promotes well-being and positive health by producing psychological, physical and functional outcomes to the afflicted clients. The procedure of massage therapy entails four distinct mechanisms namely; biochemical mechanisms, physiological mechanisms, neurological mechanisms, and psychophysiological mechanisms. All these procedures work together to bring about the effectivity of massage therapy (Fitzcharles, Ste-Marie and Pereira, 2013).
The development of nursing theories has provided a perspective in which one can define the purpose of nursing, when nursing is required, and establish the parameters and goals of therapeutic nursing activities (Ahmed,2001). A nursing theory is defined "as concepts, definitions, relationships, and assumptions derived from nursing models or from other disciplines and project a purposive, systematic view of phenomena by designing specific inter-relationships among concepts for the purposes of describing, explaining and predicting the phenomena of nursing” (Boxer & Jones, 2010). In addition, nursing theories provide frameworks through which nurses can examine various situations. As nurses encounter new situations, these frameworks provide a structure for organization, analysis, decision making and communication (Ahmed, 2001). The following paper will discuss the middle range nursing theory of Family Stress and Adaptation by Geri LoBiondo-Wood, and how it relates to patient care and guides nursing practice.
Richard Lazarus thought of the cognitive appraisal model of stress is a evaluation on how we experience stress and see how much we depend on our mental judgement. Cognitive is the mental pursuits involved in using or obtaining knowledge. More so having daily hassles and burnouts throughout someone’s day. Daily hassles are everyday events or occasions that could annoy or bother a person. Such as; concerns about one’s weight or concerns about not having enough money for the week. It could be having an issue with too many interruptions or having too much workload or realizing failing a class could be happening. This is all connected to mental illness and having unhealthy behavioral issues. A burnout is more so about having an unhealthy condition created by prolonged stress of work, causing exhaustion and having a feeling of failure, some have a sense of reduced productivity. People develop a negative attitude toward their work environment. This all is happening inside, the emotions of people get the best of them. Becoming over powered by stress, slowly shutting down, mainly college students have this problem going on as a daily. On the other hand there is emotional effects on stress. There are chronic negative emotions, that are linked with poor health may deal with stress more intensely with daily hassles. But there are also positive emotions, being calm and relaxing with certain situations. In all honesty, it really depends on how a person wants to handle the stress that is handed to them, Either they can be optimistic or pessimistic. Stress can give someone minor setbacks but that doesn’t mean to stop and accept
Sandler, I. N., Tein, J. Y., & West, S. G. (1994). Coping, Stress, and the Psychological Symptoms
Massage has been practiced through many centuries and has been used for a number of reasons from medical treatments to general relaxation therapies. Lots of styles have been developed throughout the years and therapists have adapted their personalised treatments using routines, methods and mediums to create the effects and feelings that they are looking to achieve for their clients. Massage includes the therapist using mainly their hands, elbows and arms to manipulate the body’s muscle tissues. There are many types of massage however the main one we have looked at as a class is Swedish massage. This form of massage includes five main movement groups. These groups include effleurage, petrissage, tapotement, vibration and friction. Each of these movements can be used in many different ways to create specific effects and benefits for the individual client. Effleurage consists mainly of light, long, sweeping movements allowing the hands to softly run over the surface of the skin. This movement is used for application of mass...
Moyer C., Rounds J., Hannum J. (2004). Psychological Bulletin. A meta-Analysis of Massage Therapy Research received March 24, 2009, from EBSCO database
The first published theory of coping was imagined by Lazarus (1984), who ascribed to the cognitive viewpoint. Lazarus was interested in the concept of stress as a transaction, and suggested that people go through stages of appraisal. The first stage is where the individual determines whether or not the event is a threat. If the event is identified as threatening, the individual then evaluates their ability to cope with the stressor. These evaluations are repeated regularly to ensure continued accuracy, especially as the individual attempts to deal with the stressor. Dienstbier (1989) refined this theory so that the term "stress" pertained only to negative outcomes, whereas the term "challenge" was introduced in reference to transactions which could lead to either a positive or negative outcome. The distinction was important because these outcomes resulted in different physiological responses. Frankenhaeuser (1986) discovered that these responses were tied to the level of dissatisfaction the ...
Inevitably, as humans we encounter numerous events that have a significant amount of discomfort and tension, also known as stress. These occurrences oftentimes have negative effects on us giving us physical and emotional symptoms that can be unbearable. In order to manage our stress, we must learn how to identify the sources. We can do this by using Lazarus and Folkman’s cognitive stress theory which helps identify the stressful event, primary appraisal, secondary appraisal, and stress response. For example, if a friend lost his job that allowed him to pay college tuition, the stressful event is losing their job, primary appraisal is deciding if the event is harmful, secondary appraisal is how they will deal with it, and stress response is
Nursing theories are actions care that a nurse provides to a patient to prevent a sickness, maintain and promote health. Many of the theorists contribute to a frame work or a blueprint of how nurses should provide care to patients. Many these theories are part of nursing care and most of them they go hand in hand. Nursing theory aims to describe, predict and explain the phenomenon of nursing (Chinn and Jacobs1978).Nursing is apprehensive with laws and principles governing the life processes and functioning of sick or well human beings. Nursing theories are beneficial in understanding the knowledge of nursing and its application (Smith and Liehr, 2008).
Rabasca, Laura (1999) Imagery, Massage and Relaxation recognized as ways to manage pain. APA Online Magazine Volume 30 #10 November 1999. www.apa.org