The Tigrayan tribe, also known as the Tigrinya, is a tribe composed of people living in both Ethiopia and Eritrea that speak the language of Tigrinya, regardless of the area they live in. The Tigrayan control the majority of the Ethiopian government and, through the pursuit of their interests, are the catalyst for the majority of the tension between Ethiopia and Eritrea. Their pursuit of alleged tribal lands constantly promotes hostility between the two countries and, if left unchecked, could potentially degrade the rickety stability in the Horn of Africa as well as jeopardize elements of world-wide trade.
The manifesto of the Tigray Peoples Liberation Front (TPLF) defined a Tigrayan as: “…anybody that speaks the language of Tigrinya including those who live outside Tigray, the Kunamas, the Sahos, the Afar and the Taltal, the Agew, and the Welkait” (TPLF, 1976). Based on that statement, the peoples that are considered to be Tigrayan make up roughly 50% and 6% of Eritrea’s and Ethiopia’s populations respectively. The Tigrayan tribe is an ancient tribe that traces its roots all the way back to King Solomon and Queen Sheba. The tribe has been in their current location, the border region between Ethiopia and Eritrea, since before the birth of Christ and converted to Christianity around 400 A.D. The tribe is primarily Christian, with less that 5% being Muslim, though many of the Muslim Tigrayans do not consider themselves to actually be Tigrayan. White clothing is considered to be traditional Tigrayan garb as they consider it to be “Christian”. Most Tigrayans have a simplistic style of living wherein the man of the house, along with the older male children, works in the field to bring in food while the mother, along with the older fe...
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Amanuel Biedemariam, 28 January 2011, “US Ambassador in Eritrea”, http://www.capitaleritrea.com/insight/us-ambassador-in-eritrea/
Jon Stephenson, Dec 2006, “Eritrea and Ethiopia: Continual Conflict”, http://www1.american.edu/ted/ice/eritrea-ethiopia.htm
Tracey L. Cousin, November 1997, “Eritrean and Ethiopian Civil War”, http://www1.american.edu/ted/ice/eritrea.htm
Dereje Tariku, 11 May 2011, “The 1976 TPLF Manifesto”, http://www.abbaymedia.com/TPLF_1976_Manifesto.htm
Lauren Ploch, 3 November 2010, “Countering Terrorism in East Africa: The U.S. Response”, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/terror/R41473.pdf
“Eritrea Through the Eyes of Foreigners”, http://www.madote.com/2011/09/eritrea-through-eyes-of-foreigners.html
Sami Zerai, 27 February 2004, “The US is Doing it Again”, http://www.dehai.org/demarcation-watch/articles/Sami_Zerai_US_is_doing_it_again.html
The Bridge to Gretna case study is set in Greta following Hurricane Katrina. It revolves around evacuees to Gretna from New Orleans. The residents of New Orleans were promised food, water, shelter, etc. when they arrived to Gretna; however, the communication between the cities was scarce. There were numerous reports of violence by New Orleans residents in Gretna. This led to a majority of Gretna residents fleeing, but some were too scared to leave. Following many lootings and violence, the bridge to Gretna was closed off. This was supposed to result in a safer Gretna; however, closing the bridge left many wounded civilians in New Orleans without anywhere to go. The Gretna police force even fired over the heads of the people trying to cross over the bridge. The Gretna City Council
The trans-Atlantic interactions from 1600 to 1763 significantly contributed to maintaining continuity and fostering changes in the labor systems in the British North American colonies. When the colonies were founded, plantations played an important role. The Europeans maintained continuity of labor systems since the demand for labor was high in the colonies. By using African slave labor, they endorsed change to the labor systems.
Newfoundland joined Canada in 1949, making it the most recent province to became part of the country. Some historians argue that the delay is diffcult to understand, since Newfoundland had the chance to enter into Canada in 1867. This paper explores why Newfoundland did not join Confederation in 1867 and remained an independent political entitiy. In was not in their best interest given the overarching political debacle which unfolded between the colony’s Conservatives and Liberals. The decision to remain an independent political entitiy or join the federal govenrment was hindered by opposing poltical views. Despite having two men, known today as the Fathers of Confederation, at the Quebec Conference who supported the idea of union, Newfoundland itself did not. A general election to decide the fate of the colony resulted in ongoing dissatisfaction with the idea of joining the new dominion. The question of higher taxation and terrifies that would hinder the success of the colony was a risk people were not yet ready to take. Most of Newfoundland’s core industries began to suffer and fall apart, while the colonies government continued to disagree, despite a concerted effort made by Canadian officials to have them join the larger nation.
The United States has had a changing view on the management of foreign policy from neutrality to a defender of democracy. It is characterized by the Monroe Doctrine during the 20th century that states no American interference in European affairs unless the democracy of the western hemisphere were to be threatened. This ideology was later abandoned with the entering of the U.S. in WWI, WWII, and the Vietnam War. The immigrants of this nation were the backbone of the working class that enabled for the U.S. to prosper economically in an open trade. As an established super power the United States has had a series of world relationships that began in 1877 to the progression of today that established the fundamental values of American exceptionalism.
The novel begins by “Abena, my mother, was raped by an English Sailor on the deck of Christ the King one day in the year 16** while the ship was sailing for Barbados. I was born from this act of aggression. From this act of hatred and contempt,” (Condé 1). Her mother Abena was a slave and Tituba was born into slavery. Tituba was concemption is due to a white sailor raping her mother, an example of a white man dominating a black woman. The hierarchy is clearly established between the black people like Abena and Tituba, and the white slave owners. The policing of this hierarchy causes Tituba to see the very dramatic deaths of her mother Abena and a father like figure in Yao. Tituba’s early life experiences is only the beginning of despicable acts done to her and the people she cares
both in the north and the south , the north as it was afraid if the
Your Citizenship please? At a point in time, people encounter this question when you are about to cross the border into a different country, whether it is by car, train or plane. It questions one’s identity as to who they are. Most people answer with the current country they live in but does one ever answer with the country that they were from? “Borders” by Thomas King, is an intriguing story about a mother that has pride in her culture and values where she comes from. Along with her two kids, she resides in a native community. The mother has to declare her citizenship at the border, where she persistently presents herself as “Blackfoot.” The story, “Borders”, illustrates how difficult it is for Aboriginals to maintain their cultural identities in contemporary times. The mother and the daughter have several cultural differences as the mother, who displays extremely strong values and feelings towards her culture while her daughter, Laetitia wants to explore outside of her reserve. There is an imaginary line that King refers to is an additional obstacle that impedes on their culture. They have to respect the border but still maintain their culture. The obstacle that the imaginary line creates a political alliance which adds to their cultural values. Lastly, the title “Borders” itself, is very symbolic and play a significant role in the theme. The title intrigues the reader and identifies an idea that is central to the theme of the story.
Ethiopian Prime Minister Meles Zenawi and Eritrean President Issayas Afeworki each played a crucial role in the eruption of the conflict. Both ...
After the end of World WarⅠthe countries involved had to find a way to repair all the damage that was caused worldwide because of their fighting, so they came up with a treaty of 'peace', The Treaty of Versailles. The Treaty of Versailles was signed on Versailles, France in 1919 where the four representatives of the major countries on the Entente Powers (The Allies) - Woodrow Wilson President of the United States, The Prime Minister of Great Britain, Lloyd George, The Prime Minister of France, Georges Clemenceau, and The Prime Minister of Italy, Vittorio Orlando - united with other 17 nations to come up with a way to find who is going to be responsible for the distress and chaos of the war. The Allied Powers were not allowed to be present in the conference, so they had no say in the matter until the other nations came up with the solution. At the end of the conference the nations decided to put the majority of the responsibility upon Germany, who was outraged at this injustice, while they were disdainful of Wilson’s pushing for his fourteen points to be included because Germany wasn...
In May 1998, Eritrea crossed over the Ethiopian border attacking Tigrayan militia and security forces in the Badme region. This hostile act sparked the Eritrean-Ethiopian War. Upon realization that they were going lose...
The Treaty of Versailles, signed in 1919, was made upon at the end of the World War I; the purpose of this treaty was to create a peace between the Allied Powers and Germany. However, as it’s witnessed, greed won over peace. The Allied powers chose vengeance against Germany, instead of world peace. They decided to strip Germany of their land, military forces, and make them pay significant reparations for all the destruction that happened because of the war. This angered Germany and fueled Hitler to rise to power. Although the world has taken note of what happened and learned from history, we are witnessing the same mistakes being made that might lead to another world war. The Non-Proliferation Treaty today reflects similar aspects as the treaty of Versailles, and we need to learn from those mistakes to prevent any future conflict. The treaty of Versailles prevented Germany from being able to defend its country and rebuild a strong economy, and in the same way the Non-Proliferation Treaty prevents Iran from building a strong military while limiting Iran’s economic growth, so in order to prevent potential conflicts the Non-Proliferation Treaty has to be revised.
America, where people come to be free of religious, political, or racial persecution. Ironically, with that said, the United States of America is not just a big free for all where everyone is able to do what they want, when they want. It is actually leading the world in incarceration rate and has the most people in its prisons than any other country. But, if you do a complete one-eighty you would be looking at Norway. With a tiny fraction of prisoners compared to the United States, Norway is a model for all nations to strive for in the department of incarceration. Comparing these two complete opposites is hard because they are so different, but some topics can help us look into each countries incarceration systems, these topics would be: Building, sentence length, interaction, discrimination, population, rehabilitation, and costs of the prisons.
In Andrew Hacker’s book, Two Nations, Hacker argues that blacks and whites live in two different worlds. He uses statistical evidence to prove that the United States is a nation of inequality, hostility, and separatism. Hacker uses a quote from Benjamin Disraeli in the preface that basically sums up his entire book,
Maritime security traditionally focuses on maritime disputes, naval competition, Sea lines of communication (SLOCs), War at sea . The modern maritime securities after the cold war and 9/11 have been significantly changing and more complex, which is involving worldwide collaboration and mutual understanding .
international politics (politics in general) are objective to be interpreted by one's own understanding of