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Cultural narratives blind even the seemingly most objective people, scientists, to even basic truths of biology and nature. I always believed that scientific facts are the purest, most unbiased statements of truths. But even biological phenomenons are subject to the grotesquely distorting lenses of prejudices. Stereotypical male-female roles narratives colored how scientists described the biological process of fertilization for hundreds of years. With such cultural biases, it's hard for scientists to describe what they see in non-biased language. Obviously, humans totally suck at being objective and non-biased. All humans are biased, and scientists are only humans after all so how they interpret and explain their findings will also be distorted by their prejudices.
How do cultural narratives end up in science? It can start when scientists form their hypothesizes. As David H. Freedman describes in “The Aggressive Egg” in Discover on June 1, 1992, “The imagery you employ guides you to ask certain questions and to not ask certain others.” So the first place where prejudices ca...
Summary #3 – “Campus Diversity and Student Self-Segregation: Separating Myths from Facts” by Debra Humphreys
Albert Einstein declared, “The most important thing is to never stop questioning.” Questions help extend our knowledge by opening our minds to change and new possibilities. The excerpt talks about the mindset that scientists need to become successful and the process they go through to make new discoveries. In The Great Influenza, John M. Barry educates citizens of the everyday challenges that scientists face through utilizing rhetorical questions, cause and effect, and contrast.
“Thinking Critically, Challenging Cultural Myths” by Gary Colombo and “Growing Up Tethered” by Sherry Turkle are very different essays that share a few of the same core ideas. “Thinking Critically, Challenging Cultural Myths” is an essay to young college students as a kind of heads up for what lies ahead. An example is how there are fewer rules but higher expectations of student. It also addresses critical thinking and how modern students have trouble with this. Another subject it covers is cultural myths and how they shape society. “Growing Up Tethered” is an essay about how society has become more and more dependent on the internet. It also goes into how today’s youth must be in touch with others constantly. “Thinking Critically, Challenging
The word “bias” has always had a negative connotation. Although it is used synonymously with bigotry and prejudice, its meaning is actually more akin to “point of view,” “personal tendency,” or “preference.” Just as every individual has her own worldview, so she has a set of biases. These biases are often observable in a person’s habits, speech, and, perhaps most explicitly, writings. Daniel Boorstin, renowned University of Chicago professor, historian, author, and librarian of Congress, is undeniably biased towards certain cultures in The Discoverers. A book chronicling mankind’s scientific history, its first words are “My hero is Man the Discoverer.” In his telling of “man’s search to know his world and himself,” Boorstin declares that
Alfred L. Kroeber once said: “Anthropology is the most humanistic of the sciences and the most scientific of the humanities.” For centuries, anthropologists have studied various cultures in search of answers about humanity. What are other cultures like? How are other cultures different from ours? Why are they different? Anthropology originated from the Greek words Anthropos (human being), and -logia (study). In the field of Anthropology, there are four sub-fields: Biological, Cultural, Linguistic, and Archaeological. Each of these sub-fields can be beneficial to study the theory of evolution, and all of the sub-fields are important in their own respect. However, the biological and cultural fields are, perhaps, more significant than the others regarding evolution.
As human, there is always something we are sensitive to, whether a comment from our peers or a randoms situation that shake our comfort zone. In the same perspective, my emotions tend to be the driving force that can drawn me from my own comfort zone. Then, whenever, I feel like I am overreacting due to change of my emotion, I have this immediate hint to be vulnerable_by talking to someone. As I am in the process of sharing my feeling, I feel realize from a burden. Vulnerability for me has been the mic that help me to release the pain that my heart and my entire body feel. Since this wednesday, when I meet for the first time my Wellness counselor, my motto has been “Vulnerability or Nothing Else”. Being vulnerable to my world help me to overtake
For some people it may be second nature to notice whether or not descriptions (in newspapers, various publications, on television or in professional journals) make any sense logically or are avoiding some obviously related questions that should be asked and answered. Logical fallacies are perpetrated in every field, but the vast majority of people must be taught this type of skeptical reasoning—it is not second nature for most of us. This recognition of faulty reasoning is learned by those specializing in Science, while those not specifically trained in Science are often scientifically illiterate.
Coming to live in a new country offers the unique opportunity to look at life from a profoundly different vantage-point. So, during my first two years as a scientist in the United States I’ve often found myself reflecting on how societies differ in fundamental ways in their basic orientation toward life. Many experiences and impressions during this time have dramatically increased my awareness how much all bodies of knowledge — about the ways the world works and the way the world, and we ourselves, are — need to be understood as ‘local knowledge systems’. The concept of local knowledge systems has been developed in post-colonial studies of science, and has been applied in assertions that ‘indigenous’, i.e., non-western, and western ways of knowing are both local in the sense that both are culture-dependent and neither has a claim to universality. (1)
...criterion that true science is progressive. It has proven able to successfully account for apparent anomalies and generate novel predictions and explanations and therefore has the hallmarks of a currently progressive research program capable of providing us with new knowledge of how the mind works (Ketellar and Ellis 2000). A glance at the Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology (2005), edited by David Buss, shows just how vigorous and productive the field is. Important challenges remain in the discipline, however. The most important are determining the role of domain-specific versus domain-general processes and integrating evolutionary psychology with other behavioral sciences like genetics, neuroscience, and psychometrics (Buss 2004; Rice 2011). Even though critics will remain, Evolutionary Psychology will remain as a scientific discipline for the foreseeable future.
Tooby first developed the framework for his model when he was an undergraduate at Harvard. He found a steadfast companion in Leda Cosmides, and they married and undertook a 29-year collaboration. After obtaining a PhD in biological anthropology and an A.B. in experimental psychology, he helped form the Special Project on Evolutionary Psychology at Stanford. After an indeterminate amount of time, the intrepid anthropologist and his wife moved and became professors of anthropology at the University of California. Their brainchild, the volume The Adapted Mind: evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture, was published in 1992. This text still serve as a staple in any cultural or biological anthropologist’s repertoire today, and the insights, suggestions, explanations, and research presented therein expose the work as a labor of love that further bolstered the public's understanding of his field (Tooby, 199...
When presented with the idea of science and experiments, the first thing that likely comes to mind is statistics and factual evidence. While these aspects are a major part of science, the subject is not solely based on them. To reach a sound conclusion, scientists must make inferences whether they are vague or detailed. According to Stephen Jay Gould, however, even the most respected scientists sometimes forget this key fact. In Gould’s essay, “Women’s Brains,” he argues that societal biases can infiltrate scientific fields and consequently create a plethora of issues. Gould utilizes comparison and contrast, a hyperbole, and strong diction to strongly develop his argument for his audience, intellectuals within the world.
The natural sciences is a world the general public will either dive into head first to exploit research out of fear and ignorance or to coexist with and celebrate recent advancements and discoveries. Whether or not the public stands and cheers or sulks and cries is entirely dependent on the accessibility of information and data that is available for public discretion and evaluation. People remain ignorant about many scientific advances that have paved the path for potential scientific solutions in major areas including cancer research, prenatal health, pediatric medicine, and genetics. However, sometimes the disregard for the aforementioned scientific triumphs is not entirely the fault of the public. The media has an incredible influence on what the community sees and hears, as well as swaying public sentiment and opinion by including or excluding fragments of information or by how the media presents their acquired information.
...ence. This demonstrates science’s susceptibility to cultural influence, and shows that science often reflects the beliefs and agendas of its conductors.
According to Laland and Hoppitt (2003:151), culture is mainly about the socially learned and transmitted behaviours in a certain group; however, more and more social scientists find that culture is too complicated to give a perfect and reasonable definition (2003:151). Boesch and Tomasello (1998:591) point out that culture is suggested to be viewed as an evolutionary process rather than an actual thing. Ironically, it seems that working on humans’ own culture cannot satisfy them so that they tend to figure out if culture exists in other biological populations. This also could be regarded as a good sign that humans are continually exploring their knowledge about evolution in connection with other species especially some hominid species like