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Personality theories with analysis
Personality theories with analysis
Biological factors which probably are related to personality
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Birth order plays a major role in a person’s personality. It might seem ludicrous, but most people’s actions can be linked to the order in which they were born. Robert V.V. Hurst, a personality observer, proposed an interesting theory in his book, Life’s Fingerprint, which stated, “It’s not just a coincidence that similar birth orders have similar personality traits… each successive child in a family tries to be different, and that difference is seen in all families and crosses all cultural, racial, and ethnic lines” (Hurst 5). Every birth order has a certain personality that is caused by the influence of parents, siblings, or personal mental standards. Personalities of firstborns are mostly affected by parents and the high standards that they set for themselves, so they strive for success and perfection in everything they do. Parents play an important role in a firstborn’s life which is explained by Hurst when he remarked, “Since the parents invest a lot of their ego in the first-born, they view this child’s behavior personally” (31). This causes firstborns to desire to please their parents and it explains why many firstborns excel in school and tend to hold conservative beliefs (Hurst 29). Parents typically expect a lot from their oldest child. Their child is expected to participate in the family and be an example for the younger siblings (Leman 92). This expectation creates a sense of responsibility and reliability found in many older children (Hurst 29). However, firstborns can be taken advantage of and people rely on them to act responsible at all times. The weight of responsibility and reliability that is set on a firstborn adds up to the amount of pressure he or she feels. This leads to the unreasonably high standards that... ... middle of paper ... ...n be rebellious and yet sociable. Lastborns are typically care-free and charming entertainers. The differences in personalities that are seen in different birth order should be respected since all children are impacted by different things. Works Cited Gross, Dr.. "The Achiever, the Peacemaker and the Life of the Party: How Birth Order Affects Personality." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 23 Dec. 2013. Web. 12 May 2014. . Hurst, Robert V.V. Life’s Fingerprint. Mandeville: PBO Publishing. 2009. Print. Isaacson, Cliffard. “The Five Personalities.” Birth Order Plus- Intro to Birth Order. N.p., n.d. web. 17 Apr. 2014 http://www.birthorderplus.com/birthorder/thirdborn.htm. Leman, Kevin. The New Birth Order Book. 2nd. Grand Rapids: Fleming H. Revell, 1998. Print.
Coit, Margaret. The Growing Years: The LIFE history of the United States. Rev. ed. New York: Time-Life Books, 1974.
The achievers, the gamblers and visionaries, and the undefined, this is how Jeffery Kluger describes the oldest, youngest, and middle child in his article “The Power of Birth Order” (409). The birth order is a phenomenon, studied by many scientists, that has been impacting the way siblings think and act for years. The birth order classifies the oldest child, who is the achiever; the middle child, who is a hybrid of the oldest and youngest; and last but not least, the youngest child, who is the adventurer of the family. The fact that the birth order affects the personalities of siblings is becoming more and more evident and the classifications of the firstborn, middle child, and youngest child have been proved to be very accurate.
According to Adler the first born child is usually a caring, nurturing individual because he/she most likely grew up helping his/her parents care for their younger siblings. For this same reason, first borns are more likely to be well organized and more responsible than their younger siblings. Sense there are no other children around when their parents give birth to them, first borns are used to receiving their undivided attention and affection prior to their siblings arrival, and if their parents did not prepare them for the arrival of a new brother or sister it can have a negative effect on the first born, mak...
‘Birth order theory can help explain why children raised in the same family environment with a strong genetic relationship can have such different personalities’ (Drysdale, 2011). The birth order theory says that ‘first-borns are leaders, the drivers and the responsible type. They love to feel in control and feel uncomfortable with surprises or feeling out of their depth. They are conservative in their outlook’ (Grose, 2013). The personality theory says that last-borns are majorly different to first-borns in their characteristics and traits. It states that last-borns are ‘the
Armitage, Susan, Buhle, Mari Jo, Czitrom, Daniel, Faragher, John, 1999. Out of Many (A History of the American People) 2nd Edition, New Jersey, Prentice Hall.
Adler’s birth order plays a significant part in how we perceive our lives. Birth order is defined as “is not a deterministic concept but does increase an individual’s probability of having certain set of experiences” (Corey, 2013, p. 108). When we are born there is an automatic label that is placed upon us. We are the oldest or youngest or somewhere in between. Society fosters the idea of birth order and treats us accordingly.
The patterns of birth order have been seen for centuries, although it was not studied exclusively until around the 1980s. There are many factors that play into a persons personality, such as their genetics, the way they are raised, and their environment. Birth order looks at a persons place in their family—if they are the oldest, middle, or youngest child—and provides commonalities between them and others in the same location in other families. While there are many variations, the general traits do apply. Research shows that the first born is typically a leader in the family and in other areas of life. The youngest child is usually light hearted and social. The one that is hardest to put a type to is the middle child. He or she will frequently try to blaze their own path, straying from the one that their older sibling made. I believe that birth order plays a part in a person’s personality, but that the way they were raised is also a very important variable. A child’s birth order, along with the way they were raised, is a major factor in the way they interact within their family and other groups.
Hlavaty, Arthur (2010). Albert Ellis - The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives, Volume 8 - source: Gale virtual reference library
A layman would define personality as an individual’s characteristics in terms of how they think and behave. Many theorists, however, interprets personality differently resulting in various personality theories. Personality is determined by traits which are behaviours displayed by a person in most given situations. How a person reacts to common circumstances may also be used to foresee future behaviours. Traits are then categorized into types that allow easier comparisons to be made between each individual’s attributes. The focus of this paper would be on the biological aspects of personality whereby traits are thought to be inheritable through genetics and associated with the central nervous system. Behavioural genetics are research that makes use of results from studies done on family, twins and adoptions. The findings of how both genes and environment influences personality from the studies will be discussed. Some researchers found possible issues with the representativeness of such studies. The outline of Eysenck’s biological model of personality and arousal, Gray’s BAS/BIS theory and Cloninger’s biological model of personality will further explain the biological effect on personality.
Many factors can shape a persons a personality, it could be their environment, peers, family, siblings, but one wouldn’t think that their birth order can too. The last factor will be the one topic I will be getting into more depth in this essay. Either being born first or last it will have a huge impact on your personality (Parents magazine 2006). The first to introduce the theory of the impact birth order has on personality was psychologist Alfred Adler in the early 20th century. This started a new interest in many on this research (Lesley Ogden 2013). His theory suggest the common personality traits each first, middle, and last borns have. Let me start off with the first born of the family and work my way down. The first born is the child the family “practices” on you could say. First time parents have no experience on parenting, and they want to try their best on raising a good child which causes them to be stricter. This causes them to put more pressure on the first borns to do better at everything they do. Which can make them become perfectionists and high achievers. But they want to be noticed and praised by their parents when they do well. This too however develops them to become leaders, especially if they have siblings their parents want them to set an example for (Brooks 1984). Independence, reliability, and respect for authority are other traits that this group may has. They are highly intelligent and get high qualifications in school. They can also be serious and very mature for their age. Because of this nature, this group tends to get along really well with their elders. The pressure of carrying responsibilities (and at times even being forced upon) at an early age can bring negative factors. For the reason that it c...
As I said, I do not believe birth order has very much to do with the personality of a person. If a last child grows up penniless and has a lousy home life, he will not act like a last child who has a rich family and a marvelous suburban home. However, multiple of the things that many people said about how birth order affects the personality do describe me. The one that relates to me the greatest is definitely the fact that I am easy going. I never really let anything get too serious and I let things go once they are in the past. Also as Jocelyn Voo claims the middle child is very social, I would have to agree with her. I would rather be out with my pals having a wonderful time than be stuck at home doing nothing. Another quality that describes be excellently is the middle child takes pleasure in having a great time. If there is chance I can have good time, I will take that chance and expect for the best.
Gasking, Elizabeth. A. -. Investigations into the Generation. Baltimore: The John Hopkins.
JASON RENTFROW, P. (2009). World of Psychology: The Big Five Model of Personality. Retrieved March 7, 2014, from PsychCentral: http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2009/11/10/the-big-5-model-of-personality/
Personality traits. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. McCrae, R. R., & Allik, I. U. (2002). The 'Secondary' of the 'Secondary'. The five-factor model of personality across cultures.