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Nazi medical experiments
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There were many ways that the Nazi tortured the Jews during the Holocaust. They harmed them both mentally and physically, but the most horrific kind of torture was the physical abuse. The Nazis tortured, killed, and experimented on the Jews in an inhuman way. The experimentations that were conducted by the doctors were very horrendous and shocking. They had three categories for the experiments: military, biomedical, and racial/ideological. Though all the types of experimentations were terrible, the biomedical category was the most appalling. In the biomedical experimentations, the doctors did some cruel studies on the prisoners that included injecting diseases, inflicting wounds, and killing them to observe body functions. They were conducted to test immunizations and medicines for the prevention or treatment of contagious and epidemic diseases (Medical Experiments). The biomedical experimentations were carried out in concentration camps all over Germany including the camps of Sachsenhausen, Dachau, Natzweiler, Buchenwald, and Neuengamme. “Scientists tested immunization compounds and sera for the prevention and treatment of contagious diseases, including malaria, typhus, tuberculosis, typhoid fever, yellow fever, and infectious hepatitis”(Nazi Medical Experiments). The prisoners were chosen based on how healthy they were. If they were strong and in good physical shape, they got chosen to participate in the experiments, and if they were ill, they were either left alone or killed. The doctors and scientists were given the opportunity to do these experimentations with the government’s full support. Hitler even sent a command to them to “intensify medical research on the effects of chemical warfare” (Medical Experiments). There were... ... middle of paper ... ...murder. Though many have died in these experiments, very few have lived on to tell what occurred to them during these horrific experiments. Works Cited Annas, George J., and Michael A. Grodin, eds. The Nazi Doctors and the Nuremberg Code: Human Rights in Human Experimentation. N.p.: Oxford University Press, 1992. Print. "Medical Experiments." Learning About the Holocaust: A Student's Guide. Ed. Ronald M. Smelser. Vol. 3. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2001. 52-61. Gale Power Search. Web. 21 Apr. 2014. "Nazi Medical Experiments." United States Holocaust Memorial Museum . United States Holocaust Memorial Museum , 10 June 2013. Web. 22 Apr. 2014. Spitz, Vivien. Doctors from Hell. N.p.: Sentient Publications, 2005. Print. Woolf, Linda. "Medical Experimentation: World War II." World at War: Understanding Conflict and Society. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Web. 21 Apr. 2014.
Many extremely cruel and torturous things took place inside Auschwitz. Children, visibly pregnant women, and the elderly were often murdered upon arrival to Auschwitz. The Nazis did this because women and children were unable to endure the harsh labor that the Nazis wanted to put the Jews through, so they would inevitably be killed anyways. This is very cruel, not just because the women, children, and elderly were brutally murdered, but because this tore apart families within the camp; people had to live with the fact that their loved ones had been killed by Nazis. If children survived the initial separation, medical experiments were often performed on them by Dr. Josef Mengele, who was the main doctor in the camp, such as being put in pressure chambers, castrated or sterilized, and being frozen to death. This shows that the Nazis clearly didn’t care about how they treated their hostages. This proves one of the ways that the Nazi officers were inhumane and that the camp was a place filled with torture and death.
"Medical Experiments ." 10 June 2013. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum . 18 March 2014 .
Auschwitz Medical Experimentation. Over two hundred doctors participated in such research projects and experiments, sentencing between 70,000 and 100,000 people, held against their will, to death through experimentation. These were mostly Jews, but also gypsies, homosexuals and other minorities. They were thought to be inferior to the human race. Such practices became widely accepted and embraced by the Germans, due to the Nazis propaganda.
Many medical experiments went on during the holocaust, mostly in concentration camps. These subjects included Jews, Gypsies, twins, and political prisoners. The experiments included many of these people never survived many were killed for further examination. The Jewish people got the full wrath of the injections, inhumane surgeries, and other experimentations. Twins were also desirable in these experiments to show a controlled group. Gypsies and political prisoners were experimented with, because they were there for the Germans disposal. Thousands of people died in these horrible experiments. These experiments were performed to show how the Jewish race was inferior to the Aryan race.
During the Holocaust, the Nazis carried out many unethical medical experiments on patients without regard for their survival. Prisoners were forced to be subjects in various studies against their will. The Nazis’ victims went through indescribable pain as they were forced through high-altitude, freezing, tuberculosis, sea water, sulfanilamide, poison, and transplant experiments. Through these tragic Holocaust experiments, scientists and doctors discovered treatments used today for high-altitude sickness, hypothermia, contagious diseases, dehydration, poisoning, and war wounds.
...at the expense of the brutally murdered test subjects. I have only highlighted a couple of experiments that they conducted that the data collected from these could be extremely helpful to the humankind. Instead of calling it all bad we can find some good that can be salvaged from the victim’s ashes.
Epstein shows the process that the majority of Jews were being put through, such as the medical examinations, medical experimentations, gas chambers and crematoriums. Medical examinations were used to determine if the Jews were healthy enough to work. Dr. Mengele used the Jews as “lab rats” and performed many experiments such as a myriad of drug testing and different surgeries. The gas chamber was a room where Jews were poisoned to death with a preparation of prussic acid, called Cyclo...
Although Elie Wiesel gives you a detailed account of how the Nazis would treat them; how it slowly started to dehumanize them. For example the Nazis took away their names. “We were told to roll up our left sleeves and file past the table. The three “veteran” prisoners, needles in hand, tattooed numbers on our left arms. I became A-7713. From then on, I had no other name.” (Wiesel 42) Not to mention the Nazis put so much fear into the Jews that they would commit cruel acts that they never imagined they could do. The selection process was another such scarring event that Nazis inflicted on the Jews to put much fear in them. It caused them to do whatever it took to survive. The selection process is when the prisoners would get completely naked and go in front of the SS doctors for examination, the advice given to the Jews is run in front of the doctors, not to walk. Then there were also random beatings for example: “One day when Idek was venting his fury, I happened to cross his path. He threw himself on me like a wild beast, beating me in the chest, on my head, throwing me to the ground and picking me up again, crushing me with ever more violent blows, until I was covered in blood. As I bit my lips in order not to howl with pain, he must have mistaken my silence for defiance and so he continued to hit me harder and harder. Abruptly, he calmed down and sent me back to work as if nothing had happened. As if we had taken part in a game in which both roles were of equal importance.” (Wiesel 53) Among all the disturbing things Nazis did, the fact that they would make Jews look in the face of a hanging corpse is something I do not think they will ever forget. “Then came the march past the victims. The two men were no longer alive. Their tongues were hanging out, swollen and bluish. But the third rope was still moving: the child, too light, was still breathing…
The holocaust was a horrific period of time where unbelievable criminal acts were carried out against the Jews, Gypsies, and other racial gatherings. These defenseless individuals were sent from unsanitary ghettos to death camps, one being Auschwitz. The Auschwitz death camp comprised of three camps, all in which are placed in Poland. Numerous forms of extermination came about overtime to speed up the killing process. Life at the death camps was cut short for those who weren’t fit to work; such as the elderly, women, the mentally disabled, and young children. The others were put work while being starved to death. Experiments were held on dwarfs, twins, and other misfits were carried out by Josef Mengele. These inhuman acts against the Jews were all held in secret from society by the Nazis until liberation day.
1. Gutman, Yisrael. “Nazi Doctors.” Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp. Indiana University Press: 1994. 301-316
While being in Concentration Camps, Jews had no control over anything. Some Jewish inmates were selected to do various experiments. They did not volunteer for these experiments. They were chosen. They had to participate in the experiment or they would be killed. In addition, if they were picked, most experiments resulted in death or a permanent disability and not many survived. The Jews also had no idea what they were in for as the experiments were for the Nazi doctors who wanted to learn how they could help better their army and learn about illness and injury treatment through these often gross and volger experiments. The Nazi’s condiucted over 30 different experiments. There were only 7,000 Jewish victims documented that were killed, but there were many more people that died from these experiments. One of the worst and most known experiments were the twin experiments. Of the 1,000 pairs of twins that were experimented on in these concentration camps, only about 200 survived. Forty years later, only a few twins that were experimented on could be found in the United States.
The Nazis performed some of the most horrific experiments of anyone. The Auschwitz under the direction of Dr. Eduard wirths had inmates selected to certain experiments which were designed to help the Germans. The Nazis performed an experiment on twins in the camp to see if the eugenics and genetics affected their mood and or their attitude. The leader of this experiment was Dr. Josef Mengele, he has performed over 1,500 of these experiments on imprisoned twins, but there are some ups and downs about the experiment because there have only been fewer than 200 twins survived the study. The Luftwaffe conducted an experiment on how to treat hypothermia in the early 1940s. The way they conducted the experiment was they would fill a tank full of ice and water; they put the victim in it for up to three hours. During July 1942 to September 1943, some experiments would have pretty bad wounds on the subjects there would be victims infected with such as streptococcus, gas gangrene, and tetanus. The Nazis are a group that didn’t care about anyone but themselves,
AV. Pathways to human experimentation, 1933-1945: Germany, Japan, and the United States. In: Sachse C, Walker M, eds. Osiris, 2nd Series, Volume 20, Politics and Science in Wartime: Comparative International Perspectives on the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; 2005:205-231.
In December 1946, the War Crimes Tribunal at Nuremberg indicted 20 Nazi physicians and 3 administrators for their willing participation in carrying out the harmful research on unwilling human subjects. Thus, Nuremberg code was the first international code for the ethics to be followed during human subject research. It was permissible medical experiments implemented in August 1947. The code also provides few directives for clinical trials (3). Syphilis study at Tuskegee in 1974 was the most influential event that led to the HHS Policy for Protecti...
The dark history of human experimentation began with the clarification between experimentation and treatment. The larger public began to notice experimenters ethical neglect for their subjects in the early 1960s. Those charged with administering research funding took note of the public furor generated by the exposure of gross abuses in medical research. These included uncontrolled promotional distribution of thalidomide throughout the United States, labeled as an experimental drug; the administration of cancer cells to senile and debilitated patients at the Brooklyn Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital; and the uncontrolled distribution of LSD to children at Harvard Medical Center through Professors Alpert and Leary. Most important was Henry Beechers 1966 article in the New England Journal of Medicine, detaili...