One of the most significant factors of Bangladesh foreign policy is its close relation with the Muslim countries. Geographically Bangladesh belongs to South Asia and the Bengalees are not culturally as close to the Arabs, Persians or Turks as the Pakistanis or North Indians are.
Some Muslim states even took this movement as an act of ruining the Islamic fraternity. The Indo-Pakistan war, starting in December 3 and the surrender of the Pakistani army to the joint command of the Indian and Bangladeshi army, both has fuelled this suspicion. After independence, the Mujib government immediately proclaimed itself as a secular and socialist country, which increased the suspicion further. After gaining independence, there was no recognition from any Muslim country for Bangladesh. The existence of Indian army in Bangladesh soil till March, 1972 has created a suspicion about the sovereignty of the newly independent country.
Pakistan government's threat to cut off diplomatic relations with the countries co-operating with Bangladesh also acted as an important factor. The government of Pakistan withdrawed itself from the Commonwealth when Bangladesh was admitted into the organization. Some states which had soft corners for Bangladesh, could not express their support due to the hazy circumstances. Cairo and Beirut can be mentioned here as the perfect examples of those. However, with the departure of the Indian army and gradual working of the Bangladesh government, the situation began to improve.
Malaysia and Indonesia recognized Bangladesh in March, 1972. Both of the countries supported in Bangladesh's application of membership in the United Nations. Afghanistan also spoke in favor of Bangladesh in this debate; it recognized Bangladesh...
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...ns of the constitution took place. ‘Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim’ was included in the pre-amble of the constitution by a proclamation in 1978. Secularism, one of the state principles was also dropped in the same proclamation. Article 12 was also deleted, which prohibited patronage of any kind of state religion.
The new leadership did all of this specially for two reasons- to satisfy the countrymen who were reluctant to Mujib government for its ‘secular stance resulted in the rise of Islamic sentiments among them’ and to grab the much needed financial aid from the Arab countries to finance its ambitious economic programs. In this phase, the relations of Bangladesh with the Muslim countries was very cordial. Bangladesh was benefited both economically and politically. The process of developing relations with the Muslim countries reached its culmination in this stage.
The first article discussed the begging of Islamic religion that was founded by Prophet Mohammed who left a huge struggle among his people for whom should succeed the highest position of Islam. The author mention that Mohammed’s daughter Fatima disagreed against Abu Bakr as being the new leader of Islam. Fatima felt that her husband Ali Bin Abitalib who is also Mohammed’s cousin and father of his grandchildren should place the leadership after Prophet Mohammed.
Self determination is the process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and government. This is exactly what India and Pakistan were able to do when they were separated. For example, they both played parts in the cold war. India was completely neutral, and Pakistan allied with the United States to prevent Soviet expansion in Asia (India, 36). Another example would be in 1974 when India tested a plutonium-based bomb after Pakistan celebrated their 40th anniversary separated from India. India said it was a “peaceful nuclear explosive (Schorr, 19). These examples show that the Britain’s separation and withdrawal from the two subcontinents allows them to make their own choices and possibly benefit from
While analyzing past interactions between Hinduism and Islam, we can see some outstanding tensions that arise from territorial conflict between India, a predominantly Hindu country, and Pakistan, a predominantly Muslim country.
Democracy and Islam, an article written by Irfan Ahmad1 strives to show that there is a possibility that Islam can move towards democracy. On the other hand, Islam and Liberal Democracy: A Historical Overview, an article written by Bernard Lewis2 discusses how a democracy is unable to work in Islamic States. In this essay, I will be comparing and contrasting the two articles. Both Bernard and Irfan carry weight in their arguments and have certain strong points, as well as weaknesses. The major difference between the two articles is the variation of the core definition of democracy that the writers have, and their distinct perspectives of the workings of a democracy. In addition, the articles also differ in their chosen format and the authors’ thoughts on the Catholic and Western influence. The fundamental dispute of democracy and Islam are strong in both articles, and they are resolved in a respective manner. Irfan was successful in formulating a more compelling case and was able to maintain better structure; however, I am a firm believer that Islam is a theocratic system and it is not compatible with democracy as a system of governance.
The correlation of expansion in Footwear International fell within the same time constraints as Bangladesh’s political history. As power transferred in 1971, the Manager Director of the company was recognized as being an integral part of the independence movement of Bangladesh. Two years following President Ershad gaining office, Footwear Bangladesh seen as the number one growth potential within Footwear International’s strategic plan. Sales were in excess of 10,000,000 pairs of footwear and gave the company 15% of the national market (L...
The two groups were fighting for control over the province of Kasmir, which is a valley in the northern part of India and is part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. They both want this piece of land because, since Muslims and Hindus were split apart, they feel the need to be more powerful than each other and take control of this beautiful piece of land. In 1947 this state was considered an independent country and the Marahaja, who was the ruler of India, made it so that India and Pakistan remained neutral. While India stuck to this agreement Pakistan attacked Jammu and Kashmir because they wanted control of it, which forced the Marahaja to escape to India. The Marahaja asked the people of India to help get rid of the Pakistanis who were attacking them and, if they did, he would make Jammu and Kashmir a part of India. The people of India got rid of most of the Pakistani attackers, but a large area that was hard to reach was still controlled by them. Since India wanted to stop the fighting, they ended up leaving the Pakistanis to have a large area, but India had an even larger area. The fighting ended in 1949 and, since other powerful states didn’t ask Pakistan to withdraw it’s troops from a state that had became a part of India, India called the United Nations and told them that Pakistan had attacked a neutral state that had became a part of India, so they should withdraw their soldiers. The United Nations agreed with this and also wanted India to ask the people of Jammu and Kashmir if they wanted to be part of India or Pakistan. The Prime Minister of India asked the people if they wanted to be part of India or Pakistan through a process called referendum or plebiscite, which is basically a vote. A plebiscite couldn’t be made because Pakistan didn’t want to give up Jammu and Kasmir, and since many powerful countries didn’t force them to withdraw their troops
Bangladesh is not at all like the United States. It’s a small country but very populated. To put into perspective, the population of Bangladesh is almost half of the population of the United States but the size of the whole country is almost half
"1971- Independence War of Bangladesh." Bangla2000 - The Largest Portal of Bangladesh. Bangla2000. Web. 03 Feb. 2012. .
The tension between the West and Islam has become a hot topic lately but the conflict between the two has always been there, and is illustrate through the works of Al-Farabi, Nilufar Gole, and Sayyid Qutb. Each author has a different perspective on modernization and the west. The significance of these three authors, whose works span over a period of 1,000 years, is that their work reveals the enduringly complex relationship that Islam and the West have had.
...efore the partition. Other reason would be of religion differences. From the years of 1947 to 1971, there were many conflicts added such as the “proxy” war over the disputed state of Kashmir and the third Indo-Pak War that made East Pakistan a new independent country – Bangladesh.
Indo-Pakistan war of 1947; this war took place with a formal declaration neither made by Pakistani nor India. The Indian army and rebels, supported by elements of the Pakistani army, fought a series of pitched battles with each side incurring sufficient losses (Ganguly and Devin 163). Indian army succeeded in acquiring some parts of Kashmir during the first days of the war, but this was soon shut down by insufficient equipment supplies and of army training. As soon as the rebels identified Indian army's weakness, they took advantage of the situation. This forced the Indian army into a tactical retreat, but this did not last long before the Indians launched a counter-offensive (Ganguly and Devin 163). To react to this, Pakistan army became directly involved in the war.
The history of Indo-Pakistani relations has been a dominated by turbulence and bitter rivalry. After the partition in 1947, millions of people migrated to their new home in either the Islamic state of Pakistan or the secular state of India. Only two weeks after independence, India and Pakistan fought a war over Kashmir in 1948. India and Pakistan fought two more wars with each other in 1965 and 1971, with the latter resulting in the creation of Bangladesh. Since then, India and Pakistan have had very hard feelings against each other due to numerous Hindu-Muslim conflicts, the territorial dispute over Kashmir, and other bilateral tensions.
India is the center of a very serious problem in the world today. It’s a very diverse place with people from many different religious backgrounds, who speak many different languages and come from many different regions. They are also separated economically. Two of the country’s religious sects, Muslims and Hindus, have been in conflict for hundreds of years. Their feelings of mistrust and hatred for each other are embedded in all those years and will not leave easily. What’s most disturbing is that there seems to be no plan for reconciliation available. There are numerous reasons for this conflict.
Islamic nation. As examples given earlier about modernization which includes nations such as Turkey and on the other side of the spectrum the practice of Islamic Shariah. As a final note, my main objective from this book review is to see Islam from the eye of Muslims and Non-Muslims alike.
The shift to a free trade regime in the textile industry was good for Bangladesh. Bangladesh prospered when other economies were not t doing so well. The textile industry greatly increased causing it to become a major reason as to why the economic has continued to increase. Increasingly bring in billions and billions from exports between 2006 to 2012 like the book mentions.