The Use of Interchapters in The Grapes of Wrath
John Steinbeck's, The Grapes of Wrath, is a narrative about the travel of the Joad family from Oklahoma to California. However, between many of the narrative chapters, Steinbeck inserts interchapters, which interrupt the flow of the narrative to provide the author's commentary. This technique is very effective because the interchapters create an image of the economic and social history that impact the story. They provide a broad picture of what is happening to the mass of migrants traveling to California on Route 66. Without the interchapters, the reader would be given a limited view of how life was for the migrants, and Stienbeck would not have been able to provide very effective commentary.
Steinbeck uses some of the interchapters to set the tone and mood of the novel and to depict the life of the migrants that had to travel down Route 66 in the 1930's. For example, Steinbeck writes chapter seven using a newsreel technique. By using small pieces of spoken conversation, and half-thoughts, Steinbeck is able to create a mood of confusion and chaos. He creates an image of how the migrants were taken advantage of and gives the reader an impression of the hard times many of the migrants had to face.
In addition, chapter five creates a clear image of the devastation that the farmers faced and their hatred for the "monster" bank. This interchapter allows the reader to experience the passion that the farmers have toward the land and the choices they had to make concerning betrayal of their own people. It presents the reader with a broad prospective of what is happening to the tenant farmers before applying it directly to a single family-the Joads. Furthermore, chapter nine provides the reader with a look at the devastation the migrants faced as they were forced to pick over their possessions and give away, sell or burn their lives and their past. This interchapter sets the mood of misery and despair and is one of the most touching because it captures the sympathy of the reader and allows them to realize the tough times the migrants faced and overcame. Had these few pages not been included in the work, the novel would suffer greatly because it would not capture the sympathy of the reader towards the migrants. Steinbeck is able to create the mood and tone of the novel in these interchapters which is very important in getting the reader's interest and allowing the reader to understand what life was truly like for the migrant families.
The interchapters provide Steinbeck with the opportunity to insert his own subjective commentary and help to interpret the novel for the reader. For example, chapter three of the novel is an extended metaphor that demonstrates endurance and perseverance; qualities that are demonstrated by the Joads, as well as other migrants, throughout the novel. Steinbeck highly admired the migrants because they endured much suffering but never gave up. He uses this interchapter to depict the struggles of the Joads, as well as other migrants, and to commend their praiseworthy determination and persistence. In addition, in chapter twelve Steinbeck challenges the idea that America is a free country when the migrants are told that they are not allowed to enter California unless they can afford to buy real estate. The migrants argue that they live in a free country, but they are forced to face the fact that they are not free unless they can pay for it. This chapter allows the reader to see that the migrants were virtual slaves because they were told where to go and were forced to work for nearly nothing. Furthermore, chapter fourteen gives Steinbeck's views on socialism. This chapter is important because it demonstrates one of the novel's major themes; the change form "I" to "we." The migrants are all in the same position and because they know that they can depend on one another they realize the need of family and unity to get through hard times. Without interchapters that give Steinbeck's own commentary on the subjects, the novel would lack the social background that gives the reader insight into the lives of those affected by the Dust Bowl and would not allow the reader to feel sorrow for the migrants.
The interchapters are very effective because they provide the reader with a clear image of what is happening physically, mentally, and emotionally to the migrants as they travel to California. Without the interchapters, the reader would not be able to fully understand the hardships these people faced and Stienbeck would not have been able to give his insightful commentary.Partner sites: Study Spanish in Quito, English Bulldog, and Free Hamlet Essays