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Similarities and differences between homer's work and virgil in aeneid
Similarity and differences of iliad and aeneid
Comparing the iliad and the aeneid
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Fate in Virgil's Aeneid and Homer's Iliad
In Virgil's Aeneid and Homer's Iliad, a picture of the supernatural and
its workings was created. In both works, there is a concept of a fixed order of
events which is called fate. Fate involves two parts. First, there are laws
that govern certain parts of mens' lives, such as human mortality and an
afterlife. Second, fate deals with the inevitable outcome of certain events,
outcomes that cannot be changed by men or gods.
Both Homer and Virgil allude to the existence of unchangeable laws, one
of which is the mortality of human beings. This can be seen by the fact that
character after character dies during war. In Virgil's Aeneid, Aeneas journeys
to Hades to visit his father. During his stay, he talks to a large number of
the warriors that have died in the Trojan War. The death of these warriors
shows the mortality of human beings (Forman 2015). Another unchangeable law is
the period of limbo that is said to await the souls of the unburied after death.
Homer indicates this law by writing of Patroklos' spirit's return to remind
Achilles that, until he has been properly buried, he must wander the earth.
These events show Virgil's and Homer's belief in laws that cannot be changed
(Strong 62).
The second element of Fate deals with the unalterable predestined
occurrence of certain events. One example of such an event is the fall of Troy.
According to Homer, the destruction of Troy was foretold in Hekuba's dream that
her son, Paris, would be the cause. This prophecy was confirmed by a seer.
Although Hekuba tried to avert the disaster by attempting to have Paris killed,
fate overcame and Troy was destroyed as a result of Paris' judgment concerning
the golden apple of discord (Strong 15-16). Virgil also writes about a similar
situation when Venus pleads with Jupiter to help Aeneas with his journey.
Meanwhile, on Olympus, Venus, the mother of Aeneas, berates Jupiter for
allowing her son to be persecuted in such a manner. Jupiter calms her and
reminds her of the many prophecies concerning her son and his progeny: how he
will found the city of Lavinium in Latium and win a great war; how his son
won) fighting a war against the city of Troy and has been held captive by
are followed and proper respect given the gods, it is possible for man to live
As per Harvard Mentor Review, measuring performance of companies is important for the following reasons:
Establish and drive performance measures for the operation (including a consideration of efficiency versus effectiveness), often in the form of dashboards convenient for review of high level key indicators.
In both The Iliad and The Aeneid, the main hero has a comrade to fight by their side who is subsequently killed by an enemy leader, whom the hero then kills in revenge. In book 12 of Virgil's Aeneid, the two main warriors, Aeneas and Turnus, are driven by hatred, contention for the love of a woman, and the desire for revenge. Each slaughters his adversaries without mercy. Neither of these characters appears attractive, but as for Aeneas, he comes off as an unsympathetic character, both cold and inhibited. Compared with Achilles, Aeneas is merely a shadow of a man. Aeneas is a reflection of the ideal Roman, in whom reverence for the gods and courage are combined. Throughout The Aeneid, Aeneas is so controlled by fate, visions, and divine intervention
In building a performance measurement system, one should take into account the four principles; Principle one;
What would convince you to let your child die? Money? Fame? Power? Zeus has all of these, and more. Yet, in book 16 of the Iliad, when faced with the choice to save his son or watch him meet his painful, violent fate in battle, he chooses the latter (16.545). Hera successfully convinces Zeus, the most powerful Greek god, to watch passively as his beloved son is slain. Zeus does nothing to help Sarpedon though he easily could have rushed him out of harm’s way. Why does he choose this? Was it because Sarpedon was fated to die? Initially, it may seem like Zeus defers to fate, but a closer reading suggests otherwise. The passage makes it clear that fate is an illusion and has no real power over the gods.
For years, people have contemplated the influence of divine power, environment, or genetics, as determining how free any individual is in making their choices. The ancient Greeks personified this force into the Fates, who shape and determine the lives of mortals. In Homer The Iliad translated by E.V. Rieu almost every mortal in the poem is faced with the paradox of having a predetermined life, and having the freedom to make their own choices. It is important to recognize that the gods don't control fate; though there are times when they consider acting against it. While immortals play their role in fulfilling fate, a character such as Achilles is faced with an option to live a long life away from warfare, or live a short life of glory. Being
Homers “Iliad is a war poem thoroughly permeated with religious elements, from sacred institutions to divinely decreed fate to heightened experiences of battle figured as divine engagements.”(Kitts 231). The Iliad has been historically remembered over past centuries and has influenced the religious viewpoints of many. It’s important to know “that Homer was aware of past religious tradition and secondly that the majority of the members of his Olympian family possessed familiar cult names.”(Dietrich 137). This shows that ideas within the Iliad are greatly tied to beliefs of religion, beliefs that were passed down between centuries. Now “[f]rom an internal perspective, the Iliad is overwhelmingly religious. It is constructed around institutions supported by gods, the actions, personalities, and
When discussing the fate of Aeneas, a thought provoking question is posed that is commonly debated. If Aeneas is commanded by fate, does he have free will? It is important to approach this question with a solid understand of fate. There are two common sides to the debate of whether Aeneas had free will or not. One view believes Aeneas had no choice but to follow his destiny because he was commanded by fate, and prophesied to found the race that will one day build Rome. The other side states Aeneas did indeed have free will, and even though his fate was set, room is available within his fate for events to change. One can argue Aeneas makes some of his own choices, but no particular detail of his life is untouched. Destiny determines that the Trojans will found a city in Italy, but it does not stipulate how that will happen. This is where room is left for free will. After much research and considering the views of many commentators and the proof they showed, the answer can simply be found by going back to the text of The Aeneid.
Business firms may seem to be similar, relying on guide of organizational models. However, in practice, all business is unique, functioning as a distinct arrangement of organizational models, designs and practices. Adoptation of any plan is all to support ‘’inimitable’’ business strategy. Performance measurement is critical in assessing organization overall performance and results are used for strategic planning to develop range of strategies (Tapinos & Dyson, 2005) for achievement of sustainable business success. Without this information and understanding, organizational strategies will not be in configuration with or effective in the business environment. Performance measurement is a multifaceted management tool that centres on how a business generates value. Performance measurement systems are used to reinforce the behaviours required for business success as well as for achieving organizational direction.
refers to an empty grave that brings images of death and the end of life,
There are three main ideas relating to questions of ownership and control of the mass media. Firstly, leading-on from the outline of technological development, we need to consider the extent to which ownership allows powerful individuals and groups to explo...
In conclusion, despite gaining widespread popularity in recent years, we have to understand that there are pros and cons to performance measurement and should be managed carefully. Organizations need to understand that there is no fixed template for performance measurement systems. As mentioned by Manzoni and Micheli (2010), what might be effective for one organization might not be suitable for another. As such, it is of utmost importance that organizations look out for suitable performance measures for themselves and continually reassess the relevance of these measures.
The media also serve as a channel between rulers and the ruled and as a field for public debate which leads to a more clever policy and decision-making. Certainly, the enlightenment tradition of the press as public forum remains strong. According...