Introduction
The battery architecture for our project had to be carefully considered and chosen. Three types of rechargeable batteries were looked at: Nickel-Metal hydride (NiMH), Nickel Cadmium (NiCd) and Lithium-ion (Li-Ion). Each type of battery architecture has advantages and disadvantages which had to be weighed before choosing which type of battery would best suit our project. A comparison table of the three battery types can be seen below. Lead acid batteries were not considered for this project as they are relatively heavy and storage for our system may be a problem if lead acid batteries were used. Lead acid batteries also have the disadvantage of slow charging times up to 14 hours. Lead acid batteries are more appropriate for use projects with much bigger power applications. [1]
Nickel –Cadmium (NiCad) [2]
NiCad batteries have several benefits over the other battery architectures available today. NiCad batteries have the ability to be charged in a fast and simple manner even if they have been stored for long periods of time. They have a long shelf life no matter what the state of charge of the battery. If the batteries are badly treated they are quite forgiving. One big advantage of this type of battery is that it is the cheapest battery type in terms of the cost for every cycle. NiCad batteries cost approximately $0.04 per cycle. They are also quite efficient with efficiency ranging from 70 to 90%. However there are big drawbacks to this type of battery architecture. Firstly they have a large self-discharge rate of 20%/ month. NiCad has the lowest gravimetric energy density of all battery architectures at only 45-80Wh/kg. NiCad batteries can be prone to the memory effect. This occurs when the battery has been co...
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...sity of 110-160Wh/kg.
• The nominal voltage of a lithium ion cell is 3.7V. This is approximately three times that of the nickel based chemistries nominal voltages.
• The life cycle of a lithium ion battery is relatively good. They generally have a life of 300+ cycles. The typical life cycle characteristics of lithium-ion batteries can be seen in Figure 1 below. At approximately 500 cycles the battery capacities have reduced to about 70%.
• Li-ion batteries have the biggest relative capacity of all three battery types examined at 3.
• Li-ion batteries do not suffer from memory effect like the nickel chemistry batteries do.
Taking into account all these advantages it was decided that a lithium-ion battery would be best suited for the project. For more information on the advantages and disadvantages of lithium ion batteries see section 1.2 of the preliminary report
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http://www.army.mil/article/79388/ (accessed March 16, 2014). Tiwari, G.N., and R.K. Mishra. Advanced Renewable Energy Sources. Cambridge, U.K.: RSC Publishing, 2011. U.S. Congressional Record - Senate.
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In 1955, her 34-year career included developing and implementing computer code that analyzed alternative power technologies, supported the Centaur high-energy upper rocket stage, determined solar, wind and energy projects, identified energy conversion systems and alternative systems to solve energy problems. Her energy assignments included studies to determine the life use of storage batteries, such as those used in electric utility vehicles. Her computer applications have been used to identify energy conversion systems that offer the improvement over commercially available technologies.
18. Use table of electrode potentials to predict the voltage and which half-cell will be the anode and which the cathode.
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Preview: Today I will discuss the potential that solar power has to become this country’s main supply of energy and the latest research that can make solar power more efficient and cost effective. I will also present the environmental benefits that come with using solar power over other and more harmful forms of energy.
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