Introduction
Bacteria and Archaea are around us and in different environments, even though we are not able to see them without a microscope. One of the environments that microorganism live is salty environment. The different types of microorganism that live in the salty environment are halotolerant, halophile and non-halophile. Halophile microorganism lives and grows in environments where there is a high content of salt (Arai et al., 2014). There is also a non-halophile which they can tolerate salt but to a small amount, they would not survive in environments with a high concentration of salt, whereas the Halotolerant can survive in high salt environment can tolerate some salt but they grow better without the salt environment (Brock et al., 2016).The microbes tested in this experiment apply to the previous salty microorganism mention previously, halotolerant, halophile and non-halophile. If different culture were provided with three different microorganism it is possible to figure out the culture based on the salinity and the temperature. If 15 percent salt is used the only expected results should be the halobacterium salinarium, if 10% percent salt is used only the expected results should be staphylococcus aureus and if 1% percent salt is used only the expected result should be serratia marcescense and staphylococcus aureus.
Materials and Methods
First, a mixed broth that containing H. salimarium, S, aureus, and S. marcescens was provided by the lab instructor. Also there were three plates provided in which one contains 15% NaCl milk agar, the other one contain 10% NaCl nutrient agar and the last one contain 1% NaCl nutrient agar that where prepared before lab. Using the mixture broth a quadrant streak plate was made for each...
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...optimally when the concentration of salt is 15% and the temperature is 37°C (Grant, Kamekura, McGenity, & Ventosa, 2015). Serratia Marcescens grows optimally when the concentration of salt is 1% and the temperature is 37°C. The Staphylococcus Aureus grow optimally at salts concentration 1% and can tolerate up to 10% whereas the optimal temperature is 37°C.
In the plates it was achieve to obtain microorganism isolatations. In the 1% NaCl two organism where isolated and identify which were the Serratia Mercescens and S. Aureus. In the 10% NaCl the only organism isolated was the Staphylococcus Aureus. In the last plate the 15% milk agar the Halobactirium Salinarium was isolated. Using this plates that contain salt and milk agar it was possible to isolate two different types of microorganism and in one of the plates it was able to isolate two types of microorganism.
The first day an unknown sample was assigned to each group of students. The first test applied was a gram stain to test for gram positive or gram-negative bacteria. The morphology of the two types of bacteria was viewed under the microscope and recorded. Then the sample was put on agar plates using the quadrant streak method for isolation. There were three agar plates; one was incubated at room temperature, the second at 30 degrees Celsius, and the third at 37 degrees Celsius. By placing each plate at a different temperature optimal growth temperature can be predicted for both species of bacteria.
In this lab project, the microbiology students were given 2 unknown bacteria in a mixed broth each broth being numbered. The goal of this project is to determine the species of bacteria in the broth. They had to separate and isolate the bacteria from the mixed broth and ran numerous tests to identify the unknown bacteria. The significance of identifying an unknown bacteria is in a clinical setting. Determining the exact bacteria in order to prescribe the right treatment for the patient. This project is significant for a microbiology students because it gives necessary skills to them for future careers relating to clinical and research work.
The purpose of this study is to identify an unknown bacterium from a mixed culture, by conducting different biochemical tests. Bacteria are an integral part of our ecosystem. They can be found anywhere and identifying them becomes crucial to understanding their characteristics and their effects on other living things, especially humans. Biochemical testing helps us identify the microorganism present with great accuracy. The tests used in this experiment are rudimentary but are fundamental starting points for tests used in medical labs and helps students attain a better understanding of how tests are conducted in a real lab setting. The first step in this process is to use gram-staining technique to narrow down the unknown bacteria into one of the two big domains; gram-negative and gram-positive. Once the gram type is identified, biochemical tests are conducted to narrow down the specific bacterial species. These biochemical tests are process of elimination that relies on the bacteria’s ability to breakdown certain kinds of food sources, their respiratory abilities and other biochemical conditions found in nature.
This indicated that there was no lysis of red blood cells. By looking at the plate, there was no change in the medium. Next an MSA test was done and the results showed that there was growth but no color change. This illustrates that the unknown bacteria could tolerate high salt concentrations but not ferment mannitol. The MSA plate eliminated Streptococcus pneumonia and Streptococcus pyogenes as choices since the bacteria can’t grow in high salt concentrations.
The purpose of this laboratory is to learn about cultural, morphological, and biochemical characteristics that are used in identifying bacterial isolates. Besides identifying the unknown culture, students also gain an understanding of the process of identification and the techniques and theory behind the process. Experiments such as gram stain, negative stain, endospore and other important tests in identifying unknown bacteria are performed. Various chemical tests were done and the results were carefully determined to identify the unknown bacteria. First session of lab started of by the selection of an unknown bacterium then inoculations of 2 tryptic soy gar (TSA) slants, 1 nutrient broth (TSB), 1 nutrient gelatin deep, 1 motility
Mannitol Salt Agar contains mannitol, 7.5% sodium chloride and a pH indicator red. This medium allows the growth of salt tolerant organism. Salt tolerant organisms can tolerate the high salt concentration found in Mannitol Salt agar and thus they grow readily. If mannitol is fermented, the acid produced turns the phenol red pH indicator from red (alkaline) to yellow (acid production). Most Staphylococcus bacteria can be grown on the media, but they do not ferment mannitol in this case the medium will appear pink or remains red. Unknown 413 had growth on the MSA agar and bright yellow media and colonies were seen. This means that unknown 413 ferments mannitol and acid was
The purpose of this project was to identify unknown bacteria species from a mixed culture. The two unknown species were initially plated onto Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA), Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB), Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA), and blood agar plates to distinguish between the two different bacteria using colony size, color, shape, and growth characteristics. By identifying and inoculating the differing types of colonies, the two unknown bacteria were purified and able to be tested
There are numerous types of bacteria that can be found in every environment. Each bacterium has different morphology which includes shape, texture and pigment production. These bacteria also have different food requirements which are important in being able to identify a microorganism. Microorganisms are a diverse group containing all bacteria a single cell prokaryotic organism that is found in every type of environment, archea single cell microorganism that lacks nuclei and almost all microorganisms are protozoa a unicellular eukaryotic organism. By identifying the causative agent of a bacterium within an individual, an antibiotic can be developed to prevent health issues. Microorganisms are also used to make certain food products for human consumption. An example of this would be the production of yogurt. It has probiotics that help with digestive abnormalities amongst other things. Probiotics are microorganisms that are consumed to provide health benefits in the body. Probiotics work by replacing the disturbed microbe with ones that are useful to digest. With the methods that wer...
Talaro , K., & Chess, B. (2012). Foundations in microbiology. (8th ed., pp. 563-564). New York, NY:
Humans need various things in our lives in order for us to continue our growth. When we are infants, we need milk to meet our daily nutritional values. As we get older we need plenty of physical activity. We also need to rest often to allow our bodies a chance to repair themselves. Microbes are no different in that they need many things for them to survive and grow. In the following paragraphs, I’d like to look at five factors that can affect a microbe’s ability to grow.
2. The specific microorganism should be isolated from the diseased animal and grown in pure culture on artificial laboratory media.
The next day, 100 µL of an overnight culture of Salmonella growth will be transfer onto the center of a Petri plate containing tryptic soy agar where taken out from refrigerator. Sprea...
Microbes are everywhere in the biosphere, and their presence invariably affects the environment in which they grow. The effects
In this experiment, the variable that was changed was temperature. Temperature is one significant factor that affects the growth of bacteria. Each bacterial culture has its own minimal, maximal and optimal temperatures. Bacteria thrive at their optimum temperature and are only able to survive between their minimum and maximum temperatures. If the temperature is significantly higher than the maximum temperature, the bacteria will be destroyed and this process is irreversible.
Food-borne illnesses fall into two categories, intoxicant and infections. An understanding of the causes and preventions will limit any contaminations. The food preparation process emcompresses the sanitation process from