INTRODUCTION
Meloxicam is a nonsteroidal anti-flammatory drug (NSAIDs) which are a group of drugs to treat pain and/or inflammation. It is an only prescription drug and is available for individuals who have tenderness, swelling and pain caused by the inflammation of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis. Meloxicam functions by inhibiting the effect of chemicals called cyclo-oxygenase (COX) enzymes which are used to make prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are the chemicals that cause pain and inflammation, known as inflammation mediators. By inhibiting the COX enzymes, fewer prostaglandins are produced, resulting in relief of pain. As there are many conditions that has to be followed up when prescribing a drug, this essay will discuss the following based on Meloxicam:
• Absorption and distribution of the drug
• Use of drug in pregnancy and breastfeeding
• Use of drug in renal and hepatic impairment
Absorption and distribution of the drug
The absorption of Meloxicam through oral administration is from the gastrointestinal tract which results in a high availability of 89%. This can be in the form of tablets, oral suspension and capsules and will produce the same bioavailability. However, with different forms of Meloxicam, there will be a difference in the time taken for the mean maximum plasma concentrations to be achieved. Following a single dose of taking Meloxicam in oral suspension form, the mean maximum plasma concentration is achieved in 2 hours whereas for capsules and tablets, it takes about 5-6 hours. This is more effective when taking a single oral dose of 30mg compared with 30 mg IV bolus injection. Dose proportional pharmacokinetics were shown in the range of 5mg to 60 mg when taking single intrave...
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In 1999, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a painkiller for osteoarthritis called Vioxx. The documentary Prescription for Disaster covers the negative side effects of this drug and how it impacted people who took it. Almost immediately after the FDA approved the drug, its side effects became apparent. Patients that took Vioxx developed heart problems and stroke that, many times, resulted in death. It is estimates that of the 88,000 Americans that had heart attacks caused by Vioxx, 38,000 of them died. The effects of Vioxx were both short term and long term. Although Merck refused to admit to that the drug had effects if taken for less than 18 months, Vioxx was eventually taken off shelves. Vioxx brings light to important issues
The EB’s case study said the female patient is 50 years old with symptoms of fever, chills, congestion, three weeks of coughing, shortness of breath when walking. The study implies that the patient is now seeking medical advice due to vital signs recording and the noting of decreased breath sounds and wheezing. She denies smoking and not taking any chronic medication.
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Osteoarthritis is not a curable condition, but it can be treated using both pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods. Mild analgesics are a common form of treatment for OA, including Acetaminophen and NSAIDs, taking into consideration other co-morbidities that may be present. It is recommended that adults over 75 years of age utilize topical NSAIDs rather than oral for treatment of the pain (Tugwell et al, 2012). Research by A...
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It is used for the treatment of arthritis and also for treating the back pain, shoulder pain and knee pain.
Discuss the possible drug and excipient-related constrains of the formulation (no identity of the drug was given to you at this
The geriatric population is rapidly growing as individuals continue to benefit from medical advances and pharmaceutical treatments. A large number of this population will need to take some form of medication to maintain a functional lifestyle. Multiple medications can affect the elderly population differently than younger generations. This paper will discuss how polypharmacy impacts geriatrics and the will focus specifically on analgesics and antihistamines. It will also examine demographic factors, changes within the aging body, prescription and nonprescriptive medications, and the role of the nurse practitioner when caring for these patients.
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Polypharmacy is the “concurrent use of several differ drugs and becomes an issue in older adults when the high number of drugs in a medication regimen includes overlapping drugs for the same therapeutic effect”(Woo & Wynne, 2011, p. 1426). The patient is currently taking several medications that can potential interact with each other, perform the same therapeutic effect, and creating side effects. The following is a list of her medications and their indications:
As we discussed above that pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics can be seen as two sides of the same coin in order to gain better understanding of their efficacy and safety profiles.” Generally it is possible to make fairly robust predictions of the pharmacokinetic profile in man using in vitro systems and preclinical pharmacokinetic studies. A previously published survey on the causes of failure in drug development indicated that inappropriate pharmacokinetics were a major cause such as; factors as low bioavailability due to high extraction or poor absorption characteristics, short elimination half-life leading to short duration of action and excessive variability due to genetic or environmental factors. This observation has led to an increased emphasis on pharmacokinetic input to the drug discovery process throughout the pharmaceutical industry. However, it is important to realise that this may only permit the rejection of compounds to b...
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MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS: Empyema, Hemoptysis, Necrotizing pneumonia, Aspergillosis (Aspergillus fumigatus) cachexia secondary to malnutrition/infection, hypothyroidism, Diabetes Type II melitius , and...
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