In order to reduce the consumption of energy and also for avoiding the air pollution, requirement of more fuel efficient automobile or vehicles are in demand and it is big challenge for automobile industries. There are various unique characteristic of aluminum for example excellent formability properties; higher strength & stiffness in respect of weight- ratio, properties of recyclability and most important good resistance against corrosion and it must be note down that these properties of aluminium propose it the best and ideal aspirant for replacing the heavy materials such as copper and steel in car and other luxury vehicles for full filling the requirement of automobile industries of weight reduction. In this essay we will discuss the recent development in application of aluminum alloy in casting, metal forming and extrusion process for automobile industries.
We will consider two examples also where we will see that how automobile industries started to apply aluminium for better efficiency of vehicles in fuel consumption and environmental impact or air pollution point of view. In first example we will discuss hang on parts produced by Hoogovens Rolled Products Duffel and must be noted that the potential of weight could be approximate 50%. In current situation, 5000 alloys are preferred because they are of high degree of formable and applied normally for inner panel, whilst heat treatable 6000 alloys are applied for the application of outer panel. In this essay we will review of recent progress or development in alloy of aluminium for amending the formability as well as surface quality in both type of alloy i.e. 6000 and 5000 aluminium alloy and also the discussion on response of brake hardening of 6000 alloy. Further we wil...
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• Aluminium is not feasible for painting
• Sheet of aluminium is very difficult for stamping with car body
Works Cited
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Aluminum is the third most abundant element and most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust. Aluminum is never found in the free element state in nature. It
3D printing is primarily for rapid part prototyping and small-run production in a variety of industries. In the meantime, the term additive manufacturing has come to represent the use of 3D printing to create metallic components and final parts, differentiating from conventional subtractive manufacturing processes. 3D printing uses computer-generated designs to create build paths that reproduce a digital model through consolidation of materials with an energy source. The process typically uses a laser, a binder or an electron beam that solidifies material as it is directed along scanned over a pre-placed layer or the build path of material. This method has been used successfully with metals, polymers and ceramics. Metals are still in their infancy in terms of finished part production. Metallic parts produced with 3D printing frequently require additio...
We use metals to construct all kinds of structures, from bridges to skyscrapers to elevators. The strength as well as durability of materials that are crafted out of metal make the materials ideal not only for construction but also for many other applications.
For the other material ASTM A216 Gr WCB same pressure of 16 Mpa is applied and the stress developed is approximately as similar to the connecting rod made with material of cast iron. Figure no. 9 indicates the maximum and minimum stress developed in connecting rod at small & big end. The equivalent stress maximum and minimum values are 71.347 MPa and 4.4955e-5 MPa respectively.
Die-forming of sheet metal has been around for thousands of years. Originally the metal was manipulated by hand and hammered into the depression, by utilizing crude grooves carved into wood or stone. This technique was used to make spouts, handles, and other forms. Since then, however; they have undergone a remarkable technological evolution. Mate-female conforming dies to create hollow forms by using hydraulic pressure or drop hammer pressure, changed die-forming forever (Paisin, 2013).
A wide variety of coating alloys and wrought alloys can be prepared that give the metal greater strength, castability, or resistance to corrosion or high temperatures. Some new alloys can be used as armor plate for tanks, personnel carriers, and other military vehicles.
Aluminium is present in the earth's crust in huge amount, mainly in the form of insoluble aluminium silicates. It is scarce in the human body which contain only 30-50 mg of that metal. This is due to the insolubility of aluminium, the presence of a barrier in the gastro-intestinal tract to soluble forms of aluminium, and the ability of the kidneys to excrete aluminium effectively in healthy people.
Aluminum is one of a number of soft metals that scientists call "poor" metals. It can be shaped and twisted into any form. It can be rolled into thick plates for armored tanks or into thin foil for chewing gum wrappers. It may be drawn into a wire or made into cans. Aluminum is a generally popular metal because it does not rust and it resists wear from weather and chemicals. (Bowman, 391) Aluminum is an element. Its atomic number is thirteen and its atomic weight is usually twenty-seven. Pure aluminum melts at 660.2ºC and boils at 2500ºC. Its density is 2.7 grams per cube centimeter. Aluminum is never found uncombined in nature. (Bowman, 391) Aluminum is a very useful metal that is light, easy to shape and can be strong. This makes aluminum one of the most used metals in the world, right behind iron and steel. (Geary, 185) In its pure state, aluminum is quite weak compared to the other metals. However, its strength can be greatly increased by adding small amounts of alloying elements, heat-treating, or cold working. Only a small percentage of aluminum is used in its pure form. It is made into such items as electrical conductors, jewelry, and decorative trim for alliances and cars. A combination of the three techniques has produced aluminum alloys that, pound for pound, are stronger than structural steel. Some common metals used in alloys for aluminum are copper, magnesium and zinc.(Walker, 31) The added elements give the aluminum strength and other properties. (Newmark, 41) Aluminum is one of the lightest metals. It weighs about 168.5 pounds per cubic foot, about a third as much as steel which weighs 487 pounds per cubic foot. (Neely, 214) As a result, aluminum has replaced steel for many uses. For example, some ...
In my undergraduate years, I have acquired a strong background in the fundamentals of basic mechanical engineering, having studied subjects such as Strength of Materials, Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics, Heat and Mass Transfer, Design of Machine Elements and Automobile Engineering. Whilst pursuing my diploma & degree courses, my interest for Automotive Engineering grew even more having learnt more on the different types of internal combustion engines, their configuration and importance. However, what I lacked was a practical understanding on these core areas of Automotive Engineering. To gain a better understandi...
That is also why aluminium and tubeless tyres are a perfect match. And why alloy wheels are already recognised as the technology of the future. During manufacture, aluminium alloy wheels are machined in highly sophisticated CNC machines. This results in high precision wheels with minimum variation in dimensional tolerance unlike forged and pressed steel wheels where dimensional variation is much larger. Aluminium wheels therefore fit more snugly to tyres and tubes and are therefore recommended as being ideally suitable for fitment with tubeless tyres.
The automotive industry also contributes in the economic development. AT Kearney analysis (2013) states that four additional jobs in upstream and downstream industries have been created by every job in the core automobile industry. This multiplier effect can be figured out by understanding the interdependence between automobile industry and its upstream and downstream industry.
Aluminum is the most abundant metal and the third most abundant element in the earth's crust, after oxygen and silicon. It makes up about 8% by weight of the earth’s solid surface. Aluminum also chemically reactive to occur naturally as the free metal (Kobayashi et al, 2002). There are many applications of Aluminum in our daily life, such as construction machinery, aircraft construction, ship construction, home furnishing and electronics component. For the vehicle industry, Aluminum has established a worldwide position because of its advantages over the other competitive materials, like light weight, providing exceptional unit strengths (strength/density ratio), high corrosion resistance, low maintenance costs, good temperature resistance (even in arctic environments), ductile, easily joined by all commercial processes such as welding, brazing, or soldering, at the last, aluminum can be easily formed by all common processes, including extrusion (a major advantage) and can be recycled.
Aluminum is an element in the boron group with a symbol of Al, and an atomic number of 13. Aluminum is a very soft metal when pure but becomes strong and hard when alloyed, a malleable metal with a silvery gray color. Aluminum is a very reactive element so it is found in nature combined with other elements. Aluminum resists corrosion by the formation of a self-protecting oxide coating. Aluminum is the third most abundant element in the Earth’s crust, following oxygen and silicon. It makes up approximately 8% by weight of the Earth’s surface. Although this is evident, it is also apparent that aluminum is never found by itself in nature. All of the earth’s aluminum has combined with other elements to form compounds and in order to create new aluminum products; it has to be taken out of that specific compound. Aluminum does not rust like other elements, therefore it always remains strong and shiny, which means reused aluminum is almost identical to a brand new piece of metal. An electrochemical process creates aluminum. An electrochemical process is “the direct process end use in which electricity is used to cause a chemical transformation” ( E.I.A. Government). Major uses of electrochemical processes occur in the aluminum industry in which alumina is reduced to molten aluminum metal and oxygen, where than the aluminum can be used into making several different materials. Electrochemical processes, although very useful, can have serious environmental consequences. To help reduce the consequences that the production of aluminum creates, the idea of aluminum recycling comes into play.
...lding Aluminum - Hot Rod Magazine." Hot Rod Magazine. HotRod, 3 Oct. 2013. Web. 28 Apr. 2014.
In a world that is quickly becoming ever dependant on technology, people take many things for granted. For example: nearly every day you and I get into our cars to go to work, school, shopping, or anywhere else you can think of. Naturally, car manufacturers are constantly coming up with new technologies to get people to buy their car over the next manufacturers; and a lot of these new inventions seem straight out of a sci-fi movie, or book in this case.