How to Document Sources in APA Style I. References References provide the information necessary for a reader to locate and retrieve any source you cite in the body of the paper. Your reference list should appear at the end of your paper. It should begin on a separate page from the text of the essay under the label References (with no quotation marks, underlining, etc.), centered at the top of the page. Basic Rules Author's names are inverted. Begin with last name, followed by a comma, then by middle and first initials. Example: Smith, M. F. Use "&" instead of "and" when listing multiple authors. Example: Calfee, R. C., & Valencia, R. R. Date: The publication date should be enclosed in parentheses. Example: (1998) Title: Italicize titles of books and periodicals. Capitalize only the first word of a title and subtitle of a work. Close with a final period. Example: Curing the crisis: Options for America's health care. Location: You should always list the city, but you should also include the state abbreviation if the city is not well known for publishing. You can omit state for the following cities: Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, Philadelphia, and San Francisco. Place a colon (:) after location. Example: Springfield, MA: Publisher (for books): Use the full name of the publisher, but drop Co., Inc., Publishers, etc. Retain Books or Press. Close with a period. Example: Merriam-Webster. Reference list must be double-spaced. All lines after the first line of each entry should be indented one-half inch from the left margin. The reference list should be alphabetized by authors' last names. If you have more than one work by the same author, order them by publication date, oldest to newest. If no author is given for a particular source, alphabetize using the title of the work. BOOKS - General Format Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Book title. Location: Publisher. One Author Reagan, M. D. (1992). Curing the crisis: Options for America's health care. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. Two Authors Cohen, L. G., & Spenciner, L. J. (1994). Assessment of young children. White Plains, NY: Longman. Three to Six Authors Pratkanis, A. R., Brecker, S. J., & Greenwald, A. G. (1989). Attitude structure and function. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. If a book has more than six authors, after giving the sixth author's name and initial, use et al. (not italicized and with a period after "al") to indicate the remaining authors of the book. Edited Book Gibbs, J.
APA (American Psychological Association) style is primarily used in the social science disciplines. It is formatted like MLA, and shows many similarities, but is unique in several key points.
be seen to reflect the period and place that it was written as well as
...reads this text, it will be clear to them that I care about and understand the topic Word ChoiceMy words are specific and correctly used so my readers will know exactly what I meanAll of my words and phrases are natural, effective, and appropriate; some of them are also memorable and powerful Sentence FluencyMy sentences are put together well and in a way that enhances the meaningI use a variety of sentence lengths and structures in my workWhen I read my work out loud, it flows well and has rhythm ConventionsI have reviewed my spelling, capitalization, and punctuation for correctnessMy grammar , paragraphing, and usage are correct and help me define my style while also communicating clearly PresentationThe formatting suits the purpose of the workI use the appropriate amount of white space on the pageI use appropriate fonts, font size, titles, and headingWord Count:
Option #1- Convert your bibliography into an eight page ( minimum) paper, drawing from at least two of critical sources in depth. One of those sources must be material that was not on our ilearn site (in other words, one source must be material you found). The sources you use need to be listed in your first bibliography.
Lunsford, Andrea A. “MLA Format for In-text Citations.” The St. Martin’s Handbook. Fifth Edition. Bedford/St. Martin’s. 20 July 2008. .
Lastname, Firstname. Title of Book. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication.
... a reference page for all of the sources students have researched to retrieve information for their essay. Students must remember the sources on their reference page begin in alphabetical order.
When first viewing this text, we can see that it appears to be a story or article written specifically for a collective-style book or magazine. Key style points that prove this are the author’s name located underneath the title of the piece above the beginning of the story, and also her name and the title placed in the right upper corners of the pages.
Lastname, Firstname. “Title of the Article.” Name of the Scholarly Journal Volume.Issue (Date): first page-last page.
Another paper I included was my research essay, it about why camels should become a common livestock in the USA. I used the 8th edition MLA works cited page format and improved my in-text citations greatly. For example, “The reason camels have so few enemies is because, according to the article Ships of the Desert they, “have a reputation for being [an] ill-tempered animal that spit[s] and kick[s],” but when not threatened, “camels are generally good-tempered, intelligent, patient, and even affectionate” (“Desert: Camels”).” Although I initially struggled, Eng 121 helped me develop the skills and learn the format to write in-text citations from reliable sources. This skill will allow me to continue to incorporate quotes from sources into my future
Bibliography:(sorry, I did this paper a while ago and I didn't have to do a bibliography so not really sure)
2. Also when quoting you must always place in parentheses the name of the author and the page on which the quote can be found. This way your readers can look up the quotes for themselves.
Some of the most essential elements of style are those that deal with commas. How to use a comma and where to place one can be quite confusing at times. With Strunk and White’s chapter 1 on Elementary Rules of Usage, they go into detail with examples for writers to better understand the usage of commas.
Fisher IV, Benjamin Franklin. "Edgar Allan Poe." Research Guide To Biography & Criticism 2.(1985): 922-926. Literary ReferenceCenter Plus. Web. 27 Mar. 2014
There are main features to annotated bibliographies such as, a statement of the scope, complete bibliographic information, a concise description of the work, relevant commentary, and consistent presentation. A statement of scope that specifies a short preliminary account to clarify what you’re talking about and this determines a setting for the bibliography and reveals a drive for composing it. Complete bibliographic information gives all the details about using the MLA, APA, or others that your readers or researchers will have the ability to locate simply. A concise description of the work is cautiously and impartially offering the right information and exhibiting recognition of the basis and as a writer this gives you influence. Relevant commentary is when you reflect on inquiries a possible reader would require and center on the appropriate foundation for your writing. Consistent presentation should follow a certain outline if it’s written in complete sentences or by a particular phrase this is called portraying the work.