Culture can be reffered to as antonym of cult. Questioning culture is quite a trend in a contemporary society. Societal norms have been clashing with the individual’s ideals and views much recently. For certain nations, which demostrate a deeply rooted culture, this transformation seems to be inconceivable. Whereas the merits of imbibing the views of foreign cultures inculcates a differtial approach in task handling. Through the following document, I intend to grasp the wisdom bestowed upon by geniuses such as Geert Hofstede and various others who contributed to the globe theory, and how their advocations personify INDIA’s culture dimensions; and thereby influence the statistics of Human resource management of the same.
Hofstede (1980)’s theory of culture
Geert Hofstede is a Dutch social psychologist and anthropologist who has studied the interactions relating cultures. He received numerous rewards for his intercultural research all over the world. One of his most profound accomplishments is the establishment of the cultural dimensions theory, which provides a sequential overveiw for assessing the differences between nations and cultures. (Vitell 1993)
The theory is dependent upon on the idea that value can be placed upon six cultural dimensions. These are power (equality versus inequality), collectivism (versus individualism), uncertainty avoidance (versus uncertainty tolerance), masculinity (versus femininity), temporal orientation, and indulgence (versus restraint). Hofstede (1980) gathered data upon world cultural values through surveys via IBM, which is a US-based technology, consultation firm. He also introduced a scoring system of a scale from 1 to 120. (Vitell 1993)
Power-Distance index: According to Hofsted...
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Sunil Venaik, P. B. (2008). Contradictions in national culture: Hofstede vs GLOBE. Retrieved from Academia.edu: https://www.academia.edu/880772/Contradictions_in_national_culture_Hofstede_vs_GLOBE
Thakur, M. (accessed on 06/02/2013). India Cultural Analysis Using Hofstede's Cultural Dimension Analysis & Schein Modelling by Mikael Thakur. Retrieved from Scribd: http://www.scribd.com/doc/13564599/India-Cultural-Analysis-Using-Hofstede's-Cultural-Dimension-Analysis-Schein-Modelling-by-Mikael-Thakur
Vitell, S. J. (1993, 02 01). The Effects of Culture on Ethical Decision-Making: An application of Hofstede (1980),(2005) 's Typology. (1. 7. Journal of Business Ethics, Ed.) Retrieved from Proquest.com: http://search.proquest.com/docview/198180119
Culture – Culture is defined as the common language that is shared and is what makes diverse individuals able to communicate with each other. Due to the different origins that America has grown upon, the study of culture is highly important. Just as the lecture notes for week 1b says, culture is what hold people together, and what allows them to figure and fight out how the world should be. Without all the different cultures, America would not be diversely rich as it is today. Gary Columbo, Robert Cullen, and Bonnie Lisle the authors of “Thinking Critically, Challenging Cultural Myths” on page three, do an amazing job at explaining culture as holding people together by sharing customs, ideas, beliefs and values. American culture was shown
Unlike, the Practitioner’s Guide to Ethical Decision Making, the Intercultural Model of Ethical Decision Making, is modern and takes the more subjective approach advocated for by modern theorists. It promotes a rather holistic than rational approach. Instead of focusing solely on facts, the Intercultural Model of Ethical Decision Making incorporates the culture, religion and different beliefs in the analysis and resolution of the ethical problem.
Geert Hofstede, Culture’s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations Across Nations. Second Edition, Thousand Oaks CA: Sage Publications, 2001
Berteaux, John, and Gerrald D. Doppelt, ed. Dimensions of Culture 1: Diversity. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, 1998.
This book serves to teach readers about the varieties of cultures, social
In his essay, “What is Culture?”, Kluckhohn explains the differences and similarities amongst world’s peoples. To support his explanation of the differences and similarities he provides the concept of culture. It is difficult to give this concept a precise definition because the word “culture” is a broad term. Kluckhohn allows the reader to understand the concept of culture by providing examples of cultural differences along with some anthropological evidence to support his views.
The purpose of this paper is to do a personal assessment of Indian culture. I will also be explaining Hofstede's five dimensional model, will use it to analyze the Indian culture and talk about the five dimensional model from my own observations.
According to Professor Geert Hofstede, dimensionalizing a culture requires a complex analysis of a multitude of categories including differing nations, regions, ethnic groups, religions, organizations, and genders. Hofstede defines culture as "the collective programming of the mind distinguishing the members of one group or category of people from another". Throughout his many years of contribution as a social scientist, he has conducted arguably the most comprehensive study of how values in the workplace are influenced by culture, leading to the establishment of the Six Dimensions of National Culture. From this research model, the dimensions of Power Distance, Individualism, Masculinity, Uncertainty
The dimensions of culture came as a result of a research conducted by Greet Hofstede. The study investigated how culture in a workplace can be influenced by values of the people. In his view, culture is defined as the collective programming of the human brain that helps in distinguishing a group from another one. Moreover, the programming of the human mind influences the patterns, values and perspectives that define a certain community or nation. Hofstede developed a model of the national culture that is made of six dimensions. In addition to that, the cultural dimensions demonstrate the personal preferences on affairs that can be easily distinguished from that of individuals from another nation. Using the model, it is easy to identify systematic differences between the selected nations in terms of values (Hofstede). This paper discusses the cultural dimensions to compare the United States of America and China. The dimensions include Power Distance, Masculinity versus Femininity, Uncertainty Avoidance Index, and Individualism versus collectivism, Indulgence versus Restraint and long-term orientation versus short term normative orientation.
Basically, Hofstede’s cultural dimension is divided into five dimensions along which national culture could be described: power distance (PDI), individualism-collectivism (IDV), masculinity-femininity (MAS), uncertainty avoidance (UAI) and long-term orientation versus short-term normative orientation (LTO).
The Hofstede model of national culture differences, based on research carried out in the early seventies, is the first major study to receive worldwide attention. This influential model of cultural traits identifies five dimensions of culture that help to explain how and why people from various cultures behave as they do. According to Hofstede (1997) culture is Ù[ collective programming of the mind? This referring to a set of assumptions, beliefs, values and practices that a group of people has condoned as a result of the history of their engagements with one another and their environment over time. In this study, culture refers to a set of core values and behavioural patterns people have due to socialisation to a certain culture. The author̼ theoretical framework will be applied to compare differing management practices in China and the West. The five measurements of culture identified by the author are:
Anthropologists define the term culture in a variety of ways, but there are certain shared features of the definition that virtually all anthropologists agree on. Culture is a shared, socially transmitted knowledge and behavior. The key features of this definition of culture are as follows. 1) Culture is shared among the members of that particular society or group. Thus, people share a common cultural identity, meaning that they recognize themselves and their culture's traditions as distinct from other people and other traditions. 2) Culture is socially transmitted from others while growing up in a certain environment, group, or society. The transmission of cultural knowledge to the next generation by means of social learning is referred to as enculturation or socialization. 3) Culture profoundly affects the knowledge, actions, and feelings of the people in that particular society or group. This concept is often referred to as cultural knowledge that leads to behavior that is meaningful to others and adaptive to the natural and social environment of that particular culture.
Culture may be defined as the sum totaltotal of non-biological activities of a people. For anthropologists like Marvin Harris (1974). Culture is directly related to concrete material conditions of existence. It is a set of altitudinal and behavioral tools as well as a map of adapting to one’s environment. Culture is thus essentially adaptive. Following the concept of cultural relativism espoused by Margaret Mead (1968) it is the view of this article that culture must be seen asbe specific and valid in particular circumstances with value judgement as to its relative significance to other groups, even within the same nation-state or society. The point that is therefore being made is that there are some particularities of culture that characterize
The word 'culture' is often described in terms of concrete ideas or social artifacts. Gary R. Weaver describes some common conceptions such as "good taste," "art or music," or "something that people in exotic foreign lands had."1 However, culture in the context of international assignments relates to how people perceive the world and the influence this perception has on their actions. It is culture on the interpersonal level. Different cultures can perceive the same thing differently, which leads to miscommunication and misunderstanding when one crosses into another culture not their own.
Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s Consequences : Comparing Values, Behaviours, Institutions & Organizations across Nations (2nd ed.). USA, Sage.