1) assumptions In this paper I discuss several assigned articles with regard to the assumptions, focus, time and space contexts, stated purpose, and comparison between certain articles. Except for one article, all articles in this weekly reading are assumed to use post-structuralist paradigm. In their article, Lobao & Meyer (2001) encourage the readers to use combination of macro, meso, and micro approach in understanding agricultural transformation rather than only macro approach. For example, they urge the Human Ecology Theory (PEP), which is micro theory about individual’s adaptation to the dynamic of environment like population density, culture and technologies, and bio-physical environment. They criticize the PEP paradigm as heavily oriented in structural approach, neglecting the dynamic of socio-psychological factors of individual and social practices. For Lobao & Meyer, micro level of the household dynamic is crucial to understand the survival mechanism of the smallholder farmers to seek “strategic business behavior” (p. 112). Moreover, gender division, particularly with regard to the struggle of women in on-farm and off-farm activities is important. The Lobao and Meyer’s article also highlights the regional context of agri-related policies, such as agricultural loans which tend to be biased to certain ethnic groups, a fact that may be overlooked by the PEP. For comparison, Bernstein’s article is also in similar vein, in which he looks at the case of Green Revolution in India as not “resource neutral” (p. 61), by giving more access to the richer farmers to any program innovation packages (like credits, supply of inputs, and information). Lobao & Meyer’s article’s on famers’ action in politic to defend their interests ... ... middle of paper ... ...le. Similarly, but with different case, Pechllaner and Otero (2008) describe the recent case resistance of the Mexican toward the introduction of biotech foods by international companies via trade liberalization. To sum up, while most of the articles have similar post-structural paradigm --which assume that local and regional factors are crucial factors in understanding agricultural transition— the focus of study, time-space contexts, and purpose of study, are different. The articles provide excellent perspectives and various examples in different time and across geographical boundaries regarding the needs of assessing the complexity of agricultural stakeholders, particularly the struggle of farmers as individual, household, or community (including the food consumers), to adapt with the change of external forces, which influence their livelihoods and interests.
Our nation was founded on agriculture, and for hundreds of years we were able to migrate across the nation bringing our farming tools and techniques with us. Technology has driven populations away from rural areas towards industrialized cities. With money now being pumped into cities, rural farmers are suffering the most. Farmers are taking out large loans in order to sustain their farms, leading to debt and in some cases suicide. Patel spoke about a farmer in India whose husband took his life because he was unable to live with the amount of debt from his struggling farm. This man left his wife and chi...
War and Propaganda: A Look at How the Two Have Been Inseparable Through Time. There have been many wars that the United States has been a part of. Some fought on American soil, others fought abroad. But through it all, there has always been a need for the public’s support. And what better way to get that support than by putting information out there for the public?
In the article, “Propaganda in a Democratic Society” by Aldous Huxley he mentions multiple reasons why we need propaganda to flourish as a country, and why it helps. He envisioned the future of propaganda, and knew how to influence emotions among the community in order to promote things we don’t necessarily need. Huxley knew the importance propaganda would be in the future lives of politicians, media, and business. People need to feel an emotional connection with an idea or thing to be in agreement with it. I feel like the propaganda is important in our society because of how it is used. Propaganda is brilliant in its own way; it opens doors from sellers to consumers, which increases the richness of our economy. Huxley mentions, “As it is
...o. “The Great Agricultural Transition: Crisis, Change, and Social Consequence of the Twentieth Century US Farming”. Annual Review of Sociology 27 (2001): 103-124.
they had to pay back money that they did not have and Kuwait was responsible for
Farmers possess a broader expanse of farming knowledge in the present day due to technology. Industrialization revolutionized the idea of farming, bringing about many efficient shortcuts for the farmers to use. In “Renewing Husbandry” author Wendell Berry, a farmer who experiences firsthand the revolution of farming, discusses farming before the effects of technology and how technology has since affected it. In the process of witnessing the revolution of farming, he comes to the conclusion that technology means the end of husbandry, destroying the true meaning of farming. However, Berry fails to recognize that the world is constantly changes; in order to succeed in the world, farmers must keep up with these changes.
Though it may come as a surprise, many of your opinions on matters originated by propaganda. Propaganda is a means to manipulate an audience in believing information they want their audience to believe. In an effort to bring about the awareness of propaganda, George Orwell in Politics and the English Language, Newman and Genevieve Birk in Selection, Slanting, and Charged Language, as well as D.W. Cross in Propaganda: How Not to Be Bamboozled, explain the various ways in which a targeted audience may succumb to language and logic manipulation.
“During WWII the objectives of the U.S. government for the propaganda campaign were recruitment, financing the war effort, unifying the public behind the war effort and eliminating dissent of all kinds, resource conservation, and factory production of war materials. The most common themes found in the posters were the consequences of careless talk, conservation, civil defense, war bonds, victory gardens, “women power”, and anti-German and Japanese scenarios. It was imperative to have the American people behind the war effort. Victory over the Axis was not a given, and certainly would not be without the whole-hearted support of all men, women, and children. Some posters also tapped into people’s patriotic spirit-do this and be a good American.”
World War Two, which is also known as the second world war, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The majority of the worlds biggest powers were in the war they split into two opposing fronts which were the allies and the axis of powers. WWII was the deadliest war of all time with the death total around 85 million. During this hectic time there were a lot of different kinds of propaganda used including posters that were put up everywhere. They were meant to make people think or act a certain way. Their techniques were very effective using ethos, pathos, and logos.
Propaganda is the intentional manipulation of the public, which is proven through the delbracy involved the creation of propaganda. This manipulation is often perpetuated through the use of language. The sensationalism of information often leads to a biased picture being presented to the audience. To the heads of the government propaganda serves as a simple way of changing the opinions of the public. When compared to the time and exorbitant amount of money necessary to attempt to convince the public of their opinion through speeches using facts and evidence, propaganda, the presentation of biased information, seems like the more reliable path. For this reason, the United States government adopted the policy of government- sponsored propaganda
The ad is for Nike shoes. Nike released their new shoes, the “Nike Trainer One” for women, with a new technology which is supposed to activate your muscles.
(The Sustainability of Irish Agriculture, n.d.) Sustainability is very important on my home farm. Practices have been put in place that won’t cause harm to the environment. My home farm is a small, family enterprise and I feel that new approaches are needed in order to maintain the farms sustainability status. Non-renewable inputs that are harmful to the environment or to the health of farmers should be minimised. As well as this, farmers have knowledge and skills that could be put into use, therefore substituting human capital for costly external outputs. Sustainable agriculture outcomes can be positive for food productivity, reduced pesticide use and carbon balances. (Agricultural Sustainability: concepts, principles and evidence, 2007) In this essay, I will discuss the principles and practices of sustainable agriculture, identifying how they may relate to my home farm. I will then discuss whether or not present activities can change to more sustainable methods in the
Before the industrial revolution, villagers practiced communal farming, in which residents worked together to farm on a large lot of land. Part of the land was divided up into three different crop fields. One for wheat or rye, one for oats or beans, and one for fallow. The fourth section of land was left to give livestock a place to graze, plant wild plants, and store firewood for the winter. The Enclosure Movement helped propel the shift from agriculture to industry. With this movement, agriculture was used for commercial practices and not so much as a way to feed single families. Before the start the Enclosure Movement, villages practiced communal farming in which the land and what was grown and raised on it was shared between the residents. However, this way of farming changed as effects of the Enclosure Movement made their way into the villages. Communal farms were divided up into single-family farms, with each family receiving and equal share of land. The owners of the land were rich families. These owners lease the land to farmers. During the enclosure movement, the land owners wrote new leases to individual families. These leases usually lasted 19 years and every family that lived in the village had the right to get a lease. People who got very small farms could not survive on their own without the right to use the common land, of which there was little to no land because it had been divided up. Therefo...
...earch and extension, rural infrastructure, and market access for small farmers. Rural investments have been sorely neglected in recent decades, and now is the time to reverse this trend. Farmers in many developing countries are operating in an environment of inadequate infrastructure like roads, electricity, and communications; poor soils; lack of storage and processing capacity; and little or no access to agricultural technologies that could increase their profits and improve their livelihoods. Recent unrest over food prices in a number of countries may tempt policymakers to put the interests of urban consumers over those of rural people, including farmers, but this approach would be shortsighted and counterproductive. Given the scale of investment needed, aid donors should also expand development assistance to agriculture, rural services, and science and technology.
Agriculture holds a significant role in underdeveloped countries. It is often the backbone of their economic and social well-being. It acts as the main source of employment and income, 70% of a country's population rely on framing as a mean of living (CITE HERE). Because most underdeveloped countries have low rates of educational attainment, farming is a popular source of employment. It requires little to no education. As a result agriculture employs many people contributing to nations economic development. Residents can also sell what they grow, providing them with a source of income, thus not only raising the national income level but the standard of living as well. Agriculture is not only a ...