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Peer pressure the positive effects
Peer pressure the positive effects
Negative effects of high self - esteem
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Introduction
Self-esteem is the result of many experiences throughout life. Those
with high self-esteem tend to function better and have more positive
interactions than those with poor self-esteem.
According to Coopersmith (1967), self-esteem is a product of
individual’s early relationships, particularly with parents. Growe
(1980) found that maternal acceptance and positive interactions relate
to subsequent self esteem in children. Those individuals with low
self-esteem appear to be in need of positive self-relevant feedback
and feel threatened when negative feedback is presented (Brown,
Collins & Schmitt, 1988). In line with these findings, Smith and Smoll
(1990) demonstrated that children with low self-esteem respond to
highly supportive coaches in a positive manner, but when responses are
low in support, the response from the individual is primarily
negative.
Self-esteem is an extremely popular construct within psychology.
Individually it refers to an individual’s sense of his or her value or
worth, or the extent to which a person values, approves of,
appreciates, prizes or likes him or herself (Blascovich & Tomaka,
1991). The most broad and frequent cited definition of self-esteem
within psychology is Rosenberg’s (1965) who described it as a
favourable or unfavourable attitude towards the self. Within
psychology, self-esteem has been related to virtually every other
psychological concept or domain, including personality (e.g. shyness),
behavioural (e.g. task performance), cognitive (e.g. attribution bias)
and clinical concepts (e.g. anxiety or depression). While some
researchers have been particularly concerned with understanding the
nuances of the self-esteem construct, others have focused on the
adaptive and self-protective functions of self-esteem – Blascovich and
Tomaka (1991) concentrated on conceptual and methodological issues.
Among the most popular and well-utilized measures of self-esteem are
the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (1965) and the Coopersmith self-esteem
inventory (1967/1981). The Coopersmith self-esteem inventory was
developed through research to access attitude toward oneself in
general, and in specific contexts: peers, parents, school and personal
interests. It was originally designed for use with children, drawing
on items from scales
That were previously by Carl Rogers.
Self-esteem is confidence in one’s own worth or abilities or self-respect. Janie from Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neal Hurston and Jefferson from A Lesson Before Dying by Ernest Gaines both struggle with establishing a positive self-esteem or a sense of self-worth. Both characters get so overwhelmed by the supremacy of someone or something around them that they doubt their own power, thus, creating a feeling of doubt for themselves and the voice that they have. In order to gain a sense of high self-esteem, a person must endure points of self-doubt.
The question of whether self- esteem has significance with real world- consequences is a valid concern. Ulrich Orth and Richard W. Robins provide the answer, with evidence contributed by researched studies, in their article The Development of Self- Esteem that self- esteem, in fact, does influence societal significance. With the determination on self- esteem trajectory from adolescence to old age, self- esteem stability, and the relationship between levels of self-esteem and predictions of success and failure, one can conclude that self- esteem influences life outcomes; moreover, people can participate to involvements focused at positively influencing the development of self- esteem.
Self-esteem is a powerful force within each one of us. It is a person’s overall assessment
Bulanda, R. E., & Majumdar, D. (2009). Perceived parent–child relations and adolescent self-esteem. Journal of Child and Family Study, 18(7), 203-212.
Self-esteem touches everything about a person’s belief about himself and his emotional state. One’s belief can be positive e.g. I love myself, I am a great person. On the other hand, it can be negative e.g. I am useless or I am too fat. Furthermore, emotional state include shame, pride, joy, despair etc.
However, over praising or underpraising children, may have a negative impact. Overpraising results in belittling the importance of hard work. Over praising or “empty praises” doesn’t challenge children and often correlates to narcissism. This, later causes later causes them to be disappointed with life because when they hit with the real world it reflected. Over praises are handicaps for individuals and gives them a sense of entitlement or expect life to be easy for them. While over under praising has children frequently look for “external approval and long-term sense of insecurity. Without praise children feel discourage and have a lack of enthusiasm or even try to seek the nutrients for this stimuli
There have been many studies done on task performance that have indicated that many factors can affect task performance. In this study, we are going to focus on how self-esteem and stereotype threat affect task performance. This topic is very important to study because it will help us understand about how our performance is affected by self-esteem and stereotype threat. At some point in our lives our performance is been measured, in daily activities as job, school and in sport. When one measures task performance, people should be aware if other thing affects their performance. There is not a lot of information about self-esteem and task performance. However, there is a possibility that self-esteem and performance are related but there is a big gap in the literature. Not a lot of studies have been done where self-esteem affect task performance. Many studies support the notion that self-esteem affects the way people construe their actions. Individuals with greater levels of self-esteem build on personal strengths to succeed. On the other hand, individuals with low self-esteem focus on their flaws in order to be accepted.
Self-Esteem. Self-esteem is the way individual perceives, symbolized and accept ourselves as worth beings in this world (Oregon Resiliency Project, 2003). Everyone must have the self-esteem in order to perform in the daily routine but the differences are the level of self-esteem inside individuals. The level of self-esteem will reflect how individual performs in a daily task and life. Self-esteem is popular among the psychology field of research and still being study by many researchers. Throughout of human life span, highs self-esteem promotes the development of human potential entirely (Habibollah et al., 2009).
Insecurity drills a hole into a person’s heart, minimizes their integrity, and accumulates as plaque build up, hindering any kind of future growth. Just as any human being’s growth is stifled by the insecurity within them, the United States as a whole suffers the same from its own tremendous amount of insecurity. This lack of acknowledgement of self-worth causes a ghastly chain reaction; people tend to pursue the wrong ideals, become corrupt, and inevitably lead themselves to their own demise. Insecurity is a route to destruction, and America is speeding down that road to dissolution.
The first is an evaluation between how an individual perceives themselves and the self they desire to be. The second involves the specific elements and criteria an individual uses in relation to their self-evaluation (Block & Robins, 1993). Verkuyten (1990) discusses how individuals differ in their view of perceived self-concept. Certain characteristics of the self-concept are not equally important regarding self-esteem. Verkuyten (1990) reports that most research that has studied self –esteem uses a long list of characteristic features and the person is to rate his/her degree of agreement or disagreement; the relevance to the individual is disregarded. William James (as cited ...
Self-esteem is commonly regarded as the positive or negative attitude a person has towards the concept of the self (Rosenberg, 1979). One of the most common ways to measure the self-esteem is the Rosenberg (1979) Self-esteem Scale (RSES). The RSES is a well-established measure with high reliability and validity, which measures self-esteem on the basis of variables such as ethnic identity, acculturation and language. In general, the higher the degree of ethnic identity, acculturation and language fluency the higher the self-esteem a person will obtain (Cavazos-Rehg & DeLucia-Waack, 2009).
“As parents, you do everything to help your child navigate through the ups and downs of childhood and survive with self-esteem.” (Turn to the Arts to Boost Self-Esteem) “Self-confidence is the state of self-assuredness and trust in oneself and one’s abilities and strengths.” (Building Self-Confidence) Self-esteem is the state of hopefulness that one can succeed, even after experiencing a failure. Therefore, it is all in feeling comfortable in the body. “When looking to heighten self-confidence students must trust in their natural abilities.”
Consistent with Erikson’s industry vs. inferiority theory, Eccles (1999) theorized that one of the many factors for a decrease in self-esteem during middle childhood is the action of progressively receiving criticism that identifies their failures as they age. As a child matures, so does their self-concept; and along with a child’s self-concept that intensely matures, comes with a reflection on their ability to succeed or fail at certain activities in their life, such as the
The self-esteem being derived from the word Greek which defined as reverence for self. According to Baumeister (1999), he describes self-concept as the belief on an individual about himself and the attribution to them by others. While the esteem is the value or worth that one gives oneself. The term self- esteem is defined as a person’s sense of self-worth and value. It is being seen as personality traits. It enhances the appearance, beliefs, emotions and behavior.
As per Branden (1969) research, there are three key segments of self-esteem. Self-esteem is a vital human need that is imperative for survival and ordinary, healthy development. It emerges consequently from inside in light of a person's convictions and awareness. Other than that, self-esteem happens in conjunction with a person's contemplations, practices, sentiments, and activities. As we as a whole realize that self-esteem can be a critical piece of accomplishment. High elevated amounts of self-esteem are connected with expanded self-adequacy, self-perception, and administration, and lessened levels of sorrow and nervousness. According to Johnson and O’Brien (2013), too minimal self-esteem can leave children feeling vanquished or discouraged. It can likewise lead children to settle on awful decisions, fall into dangerous connections, or neglect to experience their maximum capacity. However, Eunju (2014) argued that when children get excess of self-esteem, it make children to be over pride and arrogant. Narcissism can surely be off-putting and can even harm individual connections. Therefore, self-esteem levels at the extraordinary high and low closures of the range can harm, so the perfect is to strike and adjust some place in the center. As indicated by Bulman and Moonie (2004), self-esteem is connected to self-confidence. By having low self-esteem, young children or even grown-ups couldn't be confident to themself and associate with others. In addition with high self-esteem, it would be less demanding for children to attempt new things or make new