Allergy is a widely effecting mechanism of many individuals worldwide and individuals not treated may be effected by other severe diseases. Some allergens such as dust, pollens or food intolerance are responsible for the onset of type 1 hypersensitive allergic response. These identified by the host’s immune system triggers the immune cells (mast cells/ basophils) to degranulate releasing chemicals such as histamine into the bloodstream. This initiates the symptoms such as itchiness or irritation of the eyes, noses, lungs or skin. In order to detect the particular allergen that is responsible for such symptoms various forms of skin tests can be conducted. The main consideration is the ImmunoCap Phadia as well as other forms of assays, along with their corresponding limitations.
Allergen Specific IgE
Allergen specific IgE antibodies are mostly found in the lungs, skin and mucous membrane at a controllable concentration. Inhalant allergens such as dust mites, pollen, food allergens, drugs venom and latex upon detection, triggers the immune system initiating over reaction of the immune cells producing a type 1 hypersensitive [1] allergic reaction. To protect the host from any harmful threats the immune system in response produces high quantity of allergen specific immunoglobulin E antibodies (IgE) from B cells [2].
These bind to high affinity IgE type1 receptors (FcεRI) on specific immune cells, such as mast cells or basophils. The IgE receptors here cross-link and trigger downstream reactions that cause degranulation of the cells releasing chemicals such as histamine, serotonin, proteases, bradykinin generating factor, chemotactic factors, leukotrienes, prostaglandins and thromboxanes into the bloodstream [2]. This produces an imme...
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... immune system. The body’s immune system is beneficial to rid of illness and foreign invader our body note to be a threat such as parasite, virus, or bacteria but sometimes it can also reacts to a harmless substance. As a result to protect out immune system, the body manufacture a protective protein barrier called antibodies. This protective agent exhibit swelling and inflammation of tissues whenever an allergic reaction occurs as a response to eliminate the threat (Burks, Harthoorn,Van Ampting, Oude Nijhuis, Langford, Wopereis, & Harvey, 2015). In addition, the anatomical systems of babies are still developing in the sense that, they have small, sensitive airways in their lungs. In a situation of allergy contact, the airways become swollen as a result to rid virus and bacteria; and in response, babies start to cough, sneeze and can progress to wheezing and asthma.
"Agammaglobulinemia: X-Linked." Immune Deficiency. American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, 9 June 1986. Web. 20 Feb. 2014. .
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In a latex allergy, your immune system identifies latex as a harmful substance. With wheezing, runny nose or anaphylaxis, your immune system triggers certain cells to produce immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies to fight the latex component (the allergen). The next time you come in contact with latex, the IgE antibodies sense it and signal your immune system to release histamine and other chemicals into your bloodstream. The more exposure you have, the more your immune system is likely to respond to latex (sensitization). These chemicals cause a range of allergic signs and symptoms. Histamine is partly [sic] responsible for most allergic responses. (ACAAI)
Basile, Maria. "Asthma." The Gale Encyclopedia of Genetic Disorders. 2nd ed. 2005. Gale Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 9 Feb. 2011.
You have close relatives with allergy (that is, a mother, father, sister, brother, aunt, uncle, or child)
In most situations, genetic heredity plays a role in what allergy a person acquires. Children inherit their allergy from their parents. (Mills et al., 2007) On the contrary, some of individuals develop certain allergies in spite of their parents. One proposed theory that will be explored in this paper is whether or not the use of vaccines causes us to develop certain allergies. Before that theory can be proven as right or wrong, we must first get a more thorough understanding of the immune system.
In addition to various genes affecting the phenotype of asthma, multiple environmental factors like indoor and outdoor air pollution, tobacco smoke, and allergies to pets, molds, common pests (e.g. cockroaches) change gene expr...
...D: TSTGP Tissue Transglutaminase (tTG) Antibodies, IgA and IgG Profile, Serum. Mayo Medical Laboratories . Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research.http://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/Clinical+and+Interpretive/83671
Pedersen, Soren, and Stanley J. Szefler, eds. Childhood Asthma. Vol. 209. New York: Taylor and Francis, 2006. Print.
Physicians typically diagnose asthma by looking for the classic symptoms: episodic problems with breathing that include wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. When symptoms alone fail to establish a diagnosis of asthma, doctors may use spirometry, a test that measures airflow. By comparing a patient’s normal airflow, airflow during an attack, and airflow after the application of asthma medication, doctors determine whether the medicine improves the patient’s breathing problems. If asthma medication helps, doctors usually diagnose the condition as asthma.
Acute asthma exacerbation occurs when individuals are exposed to an environmental trigger. The disease of chronic asthma creates a medium for hyperresponsiveness. The bronchial environment comprises of inflammation and inflammatory mediators. Consequently, when exposed to an antigen, “increased cellular permeability, smooth muscle contraction, and increased mucus production” occur (Huether & McCance, 2012, p. 689). The ...
The human race is known to have developed numerous allergies to various known and unknown allergens. An extreme allergic reaction which can be “life-threatening”. Mydr.com.au, 2014) is referred to as Anaphylaxis. It is a “medical emergency”(Lloyd & Sisman,2013).Statistics indicate that maximum deaths occur due to allergic reactions to various medicines. Other causative agents can be insects, food, latex, hair dye, etc(Lloyd & Sisman,2013).
Patients who usually have allergies suffer from many symptoms due to the allergic reaction(s). Normally, your immune system protects you against invading agents such as bacteria and viruses. Otherwise harmless allergens (allergy-producing substances) cause your body to react as if they were dangerous invaders. In effect, your immune system is responding to a false alarm.