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microbiology history quizlet
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Alexander Fleming was born in 1881 in Ayrshire, Scotland. From an early age Alexander was constantly outside spending most of his time hunting and fishing with only his hands. By doing this he had sharpened his observation skill, which helped him later on in life. The young Alex grew in intelligence and stature. When he was around twenty years old he intended to become an eye surgeon, but not everyone agreed. One of his friends pestered him and tried to talk him into being a bacteriologist. Ultimately, his friend succeeded and Fleming began to take courses in bacteriology instead. Little did Alexander know that he would be responsible for the discovery that sparked an interest in medical science. Unknown to Fleming, Mr. Wright had been observing him while he studied. Mr. Wright saw the raw talent and how well Alex worked with his hands and insisted that Alex be put on his team of scientists. Alex was too shy to ask to experiment with his own ideas, so he worked nearly twenty years without being able to prove or disapprove any of his theories. Sadly, one day the team was disbande...
Joseph Lister was born into the Society of Friends, a Quaker community, to Joseph Jackson Lister and Isabella Harris on April 5, 1827 in Upton, England. His father was a scientist who was known for his invention of the achromatic microscope. Lister was one of five children and showed a marked interest in the study of botany and zoology. While attending school among the Quakers he became fluent in the languages of French and German both of which were being used in medical research. Later in 1844, Lister
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov was born on September 14, 1849 in Ryazan, where his father, Peter Dmitrievich Pavlov, was the village priest. He was first educated at the church school in Ryazan and later went on to attend the theological seminary. His whole family wished that he would follow into his father’s footsteps and become a priest, but that was not the case. It was after reading The Origin of the Species by Charles Darwin, and the works of Russian physiologist I. M. Sechenov that Pavlov decided to abandon his theological studies and focused on studying science. He left the seminary and enrolled in the University of St-Petersburg, where he enrolled in the Natural Sciences program. However, impelled by his overwhelming interest in physiology, he decided to continue his studies and went to the Academy of Medical Surgery to take the third course of the class there. In 1875, he completed his courses there and was awarded a god medal for his accomplishments. In the year 1881, he married his wife Seraphima Vasilievna Karchevskaya who was a teacher and the daughter of a doctor in the Black ...
Antoine Lavoisier was born on August 26th, 1743 in Paris, France. When Antoine Lavoisier was 5 years old, his mother passed away. Therefore, he inherited a huge fortune from his family when he was five. With that money, he attended the respected college Mazarin where he specialized in mathematics, botany, astronomy, and chemistry ...
Da Vinci discovered and created many incredible things throughout his life. Unfortunately due to the cost and lack of funds, he never actually managed to test out his theories and designs. Quite recently a group of Da Vinci enthusiasts tested many of his theories and inventions and discovered that they actually work. Da Vinci had always dreamed of flight a...
Lister graduated with honors in 1852 and went on to join the Royale College of Surgeons. He worked for a year as a surgeon and physician and then moved to Edinburgh where he studied and assisted Dr. James Symes for six years. He went on to marry Syme’s daughter who was a valuable assistant to Lister throughout his career.
William Harvey was a distinguished physician of the seventeenth century. Harvey was educated by some of the great scientists of his time and was highly knowledgeable of the scientist theories preceding his time. Harvey was greatly intrigued by the views of the ancient Aristotle and developed a number of his own ideas based on Aristotle’s theories. It was from Aristotle’s theory of the primacy of blood that allowed Harvey to make breakthroughs about circulation and generation of animals. His advancements greatly enhanced the study of anatomy. Harvey also revolutionized the means by which science was performed through the use of innovative, investigational techniques. William Harvey became a well-known name in science because he made profound accomplishments that changed the way scientists performed and the way people viewed the human body.
The definition of the greatest scientist could be interpreted many ways. One of the many ways it could be seen as is someone with assiduous work habits who has made not just ephemeral contributions to the scientific community, but discoveries that have lasted through time and are still remembered to date. Dedication to one’s work and being diligent is a key part of anyone with such great success, especially scientists who must test and retest their theories. A scientist whose findings are significant enough to be remembered years later should be considered great, and in 1822, an intelligent boy under the name of Louis Pasteur was born in Dole, France. As he aged, he developed into one of the most brilliant scientists in all of history. He died at the age of 72, but not before making several astounding contributions to the scientific world (“Louis Pasteur”). Although some of his research could be considered controversial, Louis Pasteur was the greatest scientist in European history because of his advanced discoveries, the recognition he received for his work, and the way he and his work have affected modern science.
Ehrlich's major contributions to science began as soon as he became a doctor. Now a doctor Paul Ehrlich became assistant and eventually the senior house physician at the Charite Hospital in Berlin. While working at the hospital, Eh...
know a little about it. Far more marvelous is the truth than any artists of the past imagined!" Mr. Feynman leaves his wife,
Thomas Young, English physician and physicist, was born on June 13, 1773, in Milverton, Somerset; and died May 10, 1829, in London. Young was the son of a banker, who at the tender age of two learned how to read. He attended boarding schools between 1780 and 1786, where he became fluent in several different languages. Young was also greatly knowledgeable in the fields of mathematics and natural sciences, and in 1793 he entered St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London to study medicine, and by 1796 Young had obtained a medical doctorate.
After completing high school in London, Alexander got a job as a shipping clerk. In 1901, Fleming started school at St. Mary’s Hospital Medical School. This was the beginning of his medical studies. He got into St. Mary’s Hospital Medical School on a scholarship and a legacy that his uncle left. In 1908, Alexander won the gold medal as a top medical student at the University of London. Fleming was originally going to become a surgeon, but he started a temporary position in the laboratories at St. Mary’s. This temporary position led Fleming to change his field to bacteriology instead of surgery. It was here that Fleming met and learned under bacteriologist and immunologist, Sir Almroth Edward Wright, who was
James Patrick Anthony McManus was brought up in a small mining village in Scotland. He graduated as dux of his class and went on to medical school at Edinburgh University. He did his internship in Edinburgh and Cambridge. He then served in the Royal Army Medical Corp as part of his National Service in Germany where he met his beautiful wife, Rachel Chenard. Jim went on to do his medical residency in Edinburgh.
Of all the scientists to emerge from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries there is one whose name is known by almost all living people. While most of these do not understand this mans work, everyone knows that his impact on the world is astonishing.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was a scientist and was best known for his contributions to microbiology; he received the title of "the Father of Microbiology” and dedicated many years of his life to improve the microscope in order to attain incredible heights of precision of the microscopic lenses. He produced magnifications from up to 275X, with a resolving power of up to 1.4 µm. Moreover, he presented his findings from the material of animals and vegetables in extraordinary detail as well as being the first to observe a glimpse of bacteria that he found in water; the first illustration of the bacteria is demonstrated in a representation by Leeuwenhoek in the 1683 “Philosophical Transactions” publication. In this publication, Leeuwenhoek wrote to the Royal Society about his observations of the inside of an old man’s mouth. He found "an unbelievably great company of living animalcules [Latin for ‘little animals’], a-swimming more nimbly than any I had ever seen up to this time. The biggest sort... bent their body into curves in going forwards. . . Moreover, the other animalcules were in such enormous numbers, that all the water... seemed to be alive." These were among the first observations on living bacteria ever recorded.
Hans Christian Oersted was born in Rudkobing on August 14, 1777 to Soren Christian Oersted and Karen Hermansen. His father was an apothecary and did not have the time to properly raise Oersted or his brother so they were raised by a German wigmaker. When he turned eleven, he went to work for his father at his pharmacy, where his first interest in science began. Without any prior schooling, except what he learned informally through others, he passed the entrance exam to University of Copenhagen, where he graduated with honors. In 1806, he later became a professor of physics at the same university. Although he was both a Danish philosopher and physicist who made contributions to the scientific community including the isolation of aluminum, he is best known for his discovery that linked electricity and magnetism.