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History of photography camera
History of photography camera
History of photography camera
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INDUSTRY BACKGROUND AND OVERVIEW Industry: Digital Cameras (Photography) The digital camera industry is, without a doubt, one of the newest industries in the world. With the first electronic camera being invented in 1981 and the first consumer digital invented in 19951, the digital camera actually traces its roots back to the photography industry. In 1888, with the development of the silver halide film slide and the portable camera by George Eastman2, capturing and recording images has always been popular throughout the history of mankind. As technology improved, color photos were developed and soon video capture devices were developed that was used to record television images. In 1951, the first video tape recorder was made. It captured live images from television cameras by converting the information into electrical impulses (digital) and saving it to magnetic tape. This was the start of the development of digital cameras. A CCD (Charged Coupled Device) is used in both television/video cameras and digital cameras to sense light color and intensity3. Digital imaging has since been used by the government in the early 1970s. NASA and the U.S. government both used digital imaging to help the progress of space exploration or spy maneuvers. The private sector also began to deliver the technology to the public. In 1972, Texas Instruments patented a film-less electronic camera. In August, 1981, Sony released the Sony Mavica electronic still camera. It was a camera the recorded the one frozen frame from a video image and then storing the image file to a floppy disc. The recorded images can be displayed on a television monitor or color printer. However, the early Mavica cannot be considered a true digital camera even though it started the digital camera revolution4. Since the mid-1970s, Kodak has lead the way in inventing and developing several solid-state image sensors that "converted light to digital pictures." In 1986, Kodak scientists invented the world's first megapixel sensor. In 1987, Kodak released seven products for recording, storing, manipulating, transmitting and printing electronic still video images5. In 1990, Kodak developed the Photo CD system that allowed digitized photos to be stored on compact discs6. The first digital cameras for the consumer-level market was the Apple QuickTake 100, the Kodak DC40 camera (March 28, 1995), the Casio QV-11 (with LCD monitor, late 1995), and Sony's Cyber-Shot Digital Still Camera (1996). Since then, the digital camera industry has exploded7. ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS According to the Photo Market Association International, the digital imaging market is worth approximately $11 billion worldwide8.
The topic in which I chose to do a scrapbook on was “How the government affects the airline industry in Canada”. Specifically I chose articles that related to the aftermaths of the September 11th tragedy. This event affected airlines in an enormous manner. Many airlines were facing economical problems and in turned asked the government for assistance. As a result, Canada 3000, which was Canada’s second largest airline carrier filed for bankruptcy protection on October 11th. Air Canada was also faced
Industry Overview History of Airline Industry In 1903, the Wright brothers' first successful flight in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina marked the beginning of the aviation industry. In the early years, the public did not embrace airplane travel as an option, thinking that it was too dangerous. In 1927, Charles Lindbergh successfully completed his first solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean and created a massive interest in flying with the general public. After this, a variety of air transport holding
Deregulation of the Airline Industry The airline industry has been subject of intense price competition since it was deregulated, and the result has been a number of new carriers which specialize in regional service and no-frills operations. These carriers typically purchase older aircraft and often operate outside the industry-wide computerized reservations system. In exchange for these inconveniences, passengers receive low fares relative to the industry as a whole. This research examines two
The airline industry being the fastest means of transportation plays a vital role in the Nigerian economy in multifaceted dimensions. As noted by Jacobson (2004) airline operations have several dimensions to it namely, first, it enhances globalization and increases economic cooperation among nations. Next, it facilitates international movement of goods, services and factors of production. Thirdly, it creates its impact by directly providing job opportunities and indirectly by creation of opportunities
of Airline Industry Air travel has grown in the past decade. Travel grew strongly for both leisure and business purposes. India will have nearly 800 to 1000 airplanes by 2023, it was estimated by Airbus. In spite of growth between 30 to 50 per cent in Indian aviation industry, losses of approximately 2200 crore is estimated for the current year. During 19991-1992, Modiluft, East West and Damania went bankrupt. Air Sahara and Jet Airways survived along with government own Indian Airlines because
INTRODUCTION In 1973 Peter Drucker wrote that “mission and philosophy is the key starting point in business” and claimed that the lack of thought and attention given to them as the cause of many frustrations and failures in business. Subsequently Pearce (1982), David (1989), Campbell and Tawadey (1990) and others developed a body of knowledge on mission statements as a strategic tool essential for good management practice. The Ashridge model: MAINTAINING A CORPORATE FOCUS mission statement is
The American Airline Industry The Airline Industry is a highly competitive industry with companies operating in domestic and/or international markets. Many airlines are stilled owned by their respective countries and have treaties between countries to allow airlines to land there. The industry has been taking a relatively shaky course as costs are rising and profits have been decreasing. This was further intensified with the recent terrorist attacks on US soil, which lead to higher costs
On the surface, the players in the U.S. Airline Industry appear to be in an enviable industry filled with glamorous perks and a solid business model. However, analysis paints a different story. Digging deeper reveals significant issues with little possibility for industry wide solutions, therefore making the industry unattractive. Rivalry is one of the main issues in this industry. While rivalry may not typically doom an industry, the airline industry is too dependent on the ability to dictate price
analyze the market position of the industry and the opportunities and the threats which could affect the company directly. Company’s capabilities are determined and then threats are utilized. Threat of new entrant: Threat of new entrant in the market is very tough. There is the lot of finance required to enter into the industry. The companies already entered in the market will not allow any new competitor to stay. they are already many national and international airline companies are working which reduce
The main threats to the industry over the next five years are the rise in price of oil, legislation, the TSA, and labor costs. Each of these threats effect the scheduled air transportation industry not only endangers Delta Airlines but the entire industry. As the price of labor increases for ground operations and pilots this creates a burden on the industry by causing them to spend more to satisfy their labor requirements. The price of fuel increasing leads to the price of fuel to increase, which
North American and European Airline Industry INTRODUCTION The Airline industry is one of the world’s largest industries generating over $300 billion in revenues in 2001 alone and additionally has the second highest industrial growth rate, after the computer industry, with typical growth rates of 3-5% per annum over the last 20 years (Humphreys, 2003; BA Fact book, 2002). For the purpose of this assignment, freight/cargo airline activities will not be considered as freight travel consists
Government Impact on Airline Industry Before we discuss government intervention and its affect on an industry’s competition we must first seek to understand the five forces framework. The theory, discussed in 1979 by Micheal Porter seeks to evaluate the attractiveness of an industry. Throughout this essay I will explore the theory and then relate government action and its well-documented affects on the airline industry. The strength or weakness of each competitive force in the model will determine
Benefit Programs in the Airline Industry The Human Resource topic that we selected is to analyze the benefit programs of four major airlines. Benefits are important to employees as well as their families, and can be a powerful recruiting tool. Benefits also play a major role in managerial decisions and wise benefit choices can have a long-term impact on the quality of life. Some characteristics of a sound benefits program are, they must have clear specific objectives, they must allow for employee
Airline industry is affected by no. of factors such as fuel price fluctuations, high fixed costs, strong influence of external environment and excessive use of marginal costing by carriers. Recessions in the industry tend to last longer, while recovery periods are generally shorter. Over the past nine years, it is observed that industry has made losses for five years and during the profitable years margins were on a lower end. The airlines industry is acutely sensitive to external events such as
organisation and the market in which it operates Airline and travel industry profitability has been strapped by a series of events starting with a recession in business travel after the dotcom bust, followed by 9/11, the SARS epidemic, the Iraq wars, rising aviation turbine fuel prices, and the challenge from low-cost carriers. (Narayan Pandit, 2005) The fallout from rising fuel prices has been so extreme that any efficiency gains that airlines attempted to make could not make up for structural