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Biological Influences on Personality
crtitics on behavioral genetics
effects of environment in intelligence
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Recommended: Biological Influences on Personality
Essay question #1
Cognition is the mental process of gaining knowledge through thinking, judging and solving problems. Cognition functions to provide human beings with the ability to use language, make perceptions, use the imagination and make decisions. These thought processes play a significant role in personality development. Both biological and environmental factors have been linked to cognition. Biological factors include our genetic makeup and hereditary factors. Genetic makeup determines the physical characteristics of eye color, hair color. Hereditary factors are those traits that are transferred from parents and blood relations. These inherited traits determine temperament of human beings. Both the biological traits of genetics and inheritance play a major role in how human beings perceive themselves and how others interact with them. This cognitive perception of self and others is believed to help determine one’s personality. Environmental factors include how a human being is raised and how outside influences such as school, church, relationships and society shape their cognitive processes. An example of the relationship between cognition and personality would be of a child born of two different races. Physical characteristics are likely to be different with mixed races causing the child to perceive themselves as abnormal, thus leading to antisocial or introverted personality traits.
Essay question #2
The aggressive personality is defined as an “individual’s whose overall style of interacting involves considerable, persistent, maladaptive aggression” (counselingresource.com). Evolutionary, biological and environmental factors are contributing components of the aggressive personality. Human beings ...
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Cloninger, S. C. (2008). Theories of Personality Understanding Persons.. Upper Saddle River,
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Friedman, H. S., & Schustack, M. W. (2006). Personality: classic theories and modern
research. Needham Heights: Allyn And Bacon. (Original work published 1999)
Simon, PhD, D. G. (2008, November 7). Understanding the Aggressive Personalities | CounsellingResource.com.CounsellingResource.com – Psychology, Therapy & Mental Health
Resources. Retrieved December 6, 2011, from
http://counsellingresource.com/features/2008/11/03/aggressive-personalities
Torgersen, S. (2009). The nature (and nurture) of personality disorders. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 50(6), 624-632. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2009.00788.x
In conclusion, personality is a term that refers to the many patterns of similarities and patterns of differences among individuals. There are various ways with psychologists have examined individual differences in personality including the use of genetics. Through this method, psychologists have mainly examined biological underpinnings that contribute to individual differences in personality. While these measures provide some insights regarding personality, individual differences in personality cannot be adequately explained with reference to genes because of the weaknesses of these theories and the effect of environmental factors.
Personality disorder. Encyclopedia Britannica Online Academic Edition. Encyclopedia Britannica Inc. 2014. Web. 08 Feb 2014
Therefore it influences the way we learn, live and behave. Because of this definition theorists believe that this is an important factor of our personality. Personality is obtained thru culture, people who are born and raised in the same culture usually share common personality traits. Genetics are believed to play a role in personality traits as well like in determining the biological sex of a person. Males tend to attract females so the male species is sought to be more aggressive and competitive. Culture is one of the most important environmental factors that shapes
“Relational aggression is defined as behaviors that harm others by damaging (or threatening to damage) or manipulating one’s relationship with his/her peers, or by injuring one’s feelings of social acceptance.” (Ophelia Project, “Issues” par 3). This type of aggression is mainly directed toward the emotions rather than physical behavior. Some examples of relational aggression include:
A person’s (patient or visitor) aggressive behavior depends on factors from his/her background (social-economic-childhood), immediate environmental factors and possible co-existing medical conditions (organic or psychiatric). [1]
One of the most researched topics in the history of psychology is aggression. One goal of social scientists has been to define aggression. Some believe that aggression is biologically preprogrammed, others look toward situational factors and this study suggests that aggression is learned. This study was conducted by Albert Bandura and his associates in 1961 at Stanford University. The researchers proposed that the children be exposed to adult models with either aggressive or nonaggressive ways, they would then be tested without the models present to determine if they would imitate that aggression they observed in the adult.
Vaillancourt, T., & Hymel, S. (2006). Aggression and social status: The moderating roles of sex and peer-valued characteristics. Aggressive Behavior, 32, 396–408. doi:10.1002/ab.20138.
Every person that has different characteristics that influence how they think, act, and build relationships. While some people are introverted, others are extroverted. Some people are strict and do not take risks, while others are carefree and free spirited. However, there are times where a person’s behavior becomes destructive, problematic, and maladaptive (Widger, 2003). The key to examining a person for a possible personality disorder is not if they have quirks, but if they display severe behavioral, emotional, and social issues. A diagnosis of having a personality disorders involves identifying if their extreme behaviors, emotions, and thoughts that are different than cultural expectations interfere with the ...
Social psychologists defined “Aggression” as an intentional behavior to cause physical or mental suffering of others. We put the
Hoermann, Simone, Corinne E. Zupanick, and Mark Dombeck. "Cognitive-Behavioral Theory of Personality Disorders." - Personality Disorders. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Feb. 2014.
According Bjornlund (2011), psychologists have identified ten known personality disorders. Personality disorders have been grouped into different categories. These categories consist of Cluster A, B, and C. Cluster A exhibi...
As discussed in the earlier, human behaviour has individual differences. These differences are due to the fact that both heredity and environment plays a crucial role in defining the behaviour pattern of each individual. Some of the characteristics are inherited or becomes a part of the human nature naturally. These may or may not be subjected to change by external environment. These include physical characteristics, age, intelligence, religious beliefs. There are other features of the human characteristics that are acquired by the person through external factors like perception, personality, attitude and values. These are called environmental factors and have different influence on different people. Human nature is made up of a unique combination
Trait theory is one of many approaches that analyse and study human personality. The traits themselves are psychological characteristics that are stable over time and across situations i.e. consistent patterns in the way individuals behave, feel and think. For example, a person identified as having the honesty trait can be assumed to be honest over time (weeks, months and years) as well as across different situations (friends, family, strangers, etc.). Trait theorists’ then use these ‘traits’ to characterize the personality of a person, however, no one person can simple be characterized by one trait – humans are complex beings. The personality trait chosen for discussion in this paper is aggression or aggressiveness (Cervone & Pervin, 2012).
Aggression is defined today as anti-social behaviour towards the point of harming or damaging another person (Baron and Richardson, 1994). There are two forms of aggression hostile and instrumental aggression. Hostile aggression is an act to intentionally injure someone whereas instrumental aggression is to get rewarded. Aggression comes in many forms of physical, verbal, emotional and mental abuse. Aggression can serve a number of various purposes i.e. express anger or hostility, intimidate or threaten, dominance, fear, pain and competing with others. When defining aggression that individual person must recognise the difference between behaviour and intentions. Aggressive acts shown in social norms within