The fast development of the software industry has spurred rapid implementation of leading technologies in India, one of the fastest emerging economies in the world. The study of advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) adoption in India is, therefore, is a relevant and important topic today. The main focus of this study is to estimate the future status of AMT adoption levels and investment in AMT in the short-run perspective after briefly presenting current AMT implementation levels for all 25 technologies. By analyzing future plans of AMT adoption levels, we identify five AMT technologies that are likely to move from the current status of lower adoption levels to a future status of higher adoption levels. They are: 5-FMC/FMS, 7-Robotics, 17-MRP II, 18-CIM, 21-Benchmarking, and 23-JIT. Similarly, by analyzing investment in AMT adoption plans, we identify technologies that are expected to be heavily invested in the future: the top five of them are 14-LAN, 3-QFD, 15-Company-wide networks, 25-Statistical process control and 21-Benchmarking. Besides providing a comparative analysis, which is primarily done by "eyeballing" trends in the data, we develop a formal multiple regression model to capture an internal structure in the data and to make a short-term forecast of AMT adoption levels. The analysis projects that during the following decade companies will be more inclined to adopt more sophisticated technologies (at Levels II and III) than in the past decade, during which AMT adoption of high level technologies was comparatively low. In order to achieve high implementation levels of sophisticated technologies, companies will invest more in Level III technologies. Our studies indicate that large companies, in particular, will invest mo...
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I have selected to review the article by Helmuth Ludwig and Eric Spiegel “America’s Real Manufacturing Advantage”. The manufacturing sectors in United States has rebounded since 2007 by boosting outputs, increasing exports, building new plants, and creating better paying jobs that require precise skills. The mentally of United States primarily generating revenues through services and finance, without much of manufacturing industry is changing through sustainable manufacturing resurgence which is based on software technology and its profound effect on the entire manufacturing
In his analysis, Charles Fine goes on to note that as the speed of an industry accelerates, the advantage one company may gain shortens – advantages are temporary. This conclusion is somewhat intuitive since the research and development to production cycle gets s...
A manufacturing system is a process that involves the systematic conversion of input into sellable output. The conversion method is highly reliant on the type and nature of demand of the product. Production is often classified into two broad categories; intermittent and continuous production. Intermittent production is preferable in situations where the demand for the product is seasonal and the product lacks standardization. In contrast, continuous production is common in companies that require production on a large scale. As a case in point, in the 1930’s
The reason why we need to discuss this issue, is mainly because the problem may be deeply rooted to the modern business & entrepreneurial attitude and philosophy, which hasn’t changed much since industrial revolution: human economic thinking (competitiveness), technological progress and productivity. Europe and United States are two, most affected parts of the world by mechanization and automation, as both are on a similar level of economic and technological development and wealth, however, in present globalized world the less developed countries will likely to follow soon, if they have not already. According to Jeremy...
General purpose technologies: A small group of technologies that they interrupt and accelerate normal march of economic progress. (Brynjolfsson & McAfee, 2011)
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The most prominent of those scholars is Everett M. Rogers who is considered to be the foremost authority on the diffusion of innovation theory. He published his first book The Diffusion of Innovation in 1962, in it he compiled about five hundred different studies conducted by other researchers and from that he postulated that a unifying theory could explain why, how and at what rate innovations would be adopted by a certain culture (Singhal 2003). E.M. Rogers as stated compiled other people’s research, which were predominately surveys of individuals, from that research he was able find the elements that he believed had an impact on diffusion. One of the strengths of this theory is that it can be used on an individual, group, or some other social order, which makes it qui...
China's development is praised by the whole world. Its developments are not only in the economic aspect, but as well in its foreign affairs. Compared with other developed countries, China is a relatively young country. It began constructing itself in 1949. After 30 years of growth, company ownership had experienced unprecedented changes. Entirely, non-state-owned companies can now be more involved in sectors that used to be monopolized by state-owned companies.
The market for IT industry was huge and expanding at a fast pace. However the market leaders were Accenture and IBM which had a negligent market share and rest was captured by small enterprises. Indian companies also ventured in the industry and due to their competition, IT multinational giants had to increase their base in India. Due to high opportunities, attrition rate was also high in this industry. As a result Indian companies like Wipro, Infosys increased their base level salaries. During this phase, Indian economy was transforming towards an era of information and knowledge. This can be seen from the fact that contribution of services towards the economy’s GDP was higher than 18% in 2001 as against in 1980. No other industry had done better standing against global competition. The annual exports had always been over 50% over a decade. U.S.A. share represents highest with 61% and about a third of Fortune 500 companies outsource their software work to India. To foster development, Indian government has taken a number of steps like liberalization of policies and providing necessary capital and infrastructure to foster growth. Thus Indian environment has been conducive for growth. (Ref: Indian Embassy.org) Competitor analysis- The market for IT industry was fairly competitive with IBM and Accenture as global leaders and rest of the market was pretty diffused. IBM and Accenture had strong brand and a global presence with a large customer base. They also offered panoply of services viz. technology implementation, business consulting, offshore services, customer relationship management etc. Both offered breadth and depth of services. IT market in India offered technical and business consulting with Tata Consultancy Services which was the market leader in IT exports and Wipro Technologies and Infosys being other major market players. TCS offered consultancy services, IT services, asset based solution etc. Wipro was third largest IT provider with service offerings in IT consulting, software solutions, BPO etc. Both had a strong global presence. Intensity of Rivalry: Rivalry amongst competitors was pretty intense as can be seen the Indian competition caused IBM to increase their presence in India. However leaders like IBM and Accenture had a wide range of service offerings so competition was only amongst few sectors. Rivalry was to hire the top talent as human capital is the most important thing in the IT sector. This is the reason that attrition rate lead to a rise in pay packages.
Potential new entrants: With positive economic outlook, fine business environment, and increasing number of population growth rate, it is expected that there will be more companies coming in the industry;
Technology Adoption: Organizational Learning What makes the adoption of technology in some firms a successful process, while others experience difficulties? Based on a retrospective case study, this paper compares the process of adopting horizontal drilling technology in two large Canadian oil companies; one a more successful and the other a less successful adopter of technology. Adoption is viewed as a process of organizational learning which proceeds in a feedback loop from observing, interpreting, integrating to acting. The two companies differed both in these processes and in the factors facilitating or impeding them: capability, resources, motivation, effort, shared values, incentives, and external triggers. The implications for researchers and managers are discussed. Technology Adoption Processes, Organizational Learning Introduction Business firms adopt new technologies -- a form of innovation (Angle and Van de Ven 1989) -- to remain competitive (Morone 1993), or to 'renew strategically' (Crossan et al. 1999). However, some firms seem to manage technology adoption successfully, while others struggle and even give up. Why this is so was the initial puzzle that prompted the study reported here. The study identified technology adoption in two firms essentially as a process of organizational learning. The success of technology adoption therefore depends on the firm's ability to learn. In other words, in order to explain success in technology adoption, sources of learning need to be understood. The explanation is elaborated in a framework that focuses both on sources of learning and on the learning processes (Dodgson 1993). The focus on the processes of learning in this paper is an important extension of the technology adoption...
A new era of development was growing to a second industrial revolution with improved technology and better economic prospects large scale manufacturing of machine tools and machinery in factories increased as well as the means to do so became available.
By adopting the value chain into a manufacturing company, it will gain efficiency, effectiveness, reduce the product cost and improve continuously. For example, Toyota has implemented Toyota Product System (TPS) integrated information system with the business process which allowed the company to be more efficiency, effectiveness and reduce inventory cost. (Toyota