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hegel's three methods of history
what makes Hegel's essay phenomenology of spirit so confusing
what makes Hegel's essay phenomenology of spirit so confusing
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Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel was born in August 27, 1770; Hegel had three siblings, his parents brought him into a family of Protestant Pietism. Hegel was very close to his sister, Christiane, she was mentally ill and Hegel was worried about her mental state so he made different forms of psychiatry to help her using dialectic. Hegel was a philosophy and theology student from1788–1793, as a student he made friends with other peers such as Friedrich Von Schelling and Friedrich Hegel; two famous German figures in the 19th century. They had a lot of influence on his development of becoming a philosopher a philosopher. After Hegel finished school he started private tutoring, Hölderlin, said that Hegel should look into the work of Immanuel Kant. Hegel studied a lot and read all the time about Roman and Greek philosophers while he tutored but his father forced him into being a tutor, but after father died in 1799 Hegel were free to do what he wanted. In 1801, Hegel went to the University of Jena, with Schelling. Hegel was a true follower of Schelling and closely worked with him when he went to the University of Jena. Schelling left Jena in 1803 and Hegel and Schelling’s friendship ended. Jena was occupied by Napoleon's troops and Hegel left the town. When Hegel had been in Nuremberg he got married to Marie von Tucher and had three children. Hegel wrote many pieces of work and became well known because of them. In 1818 Hegel took the chair of philosophy at the University of Berlin, this was one of the most powerful positions in German Philosophy. Until his death in 1831 Hegel enjoyed being a celebrity in Berlin. After Hegel died in 1831 most of his works and lectures were published. Hegel wanted his philosophy to be so comprehensive t... ... middle of paper ... ... Print.Ideas of the Great Philosophers by William S. Sahakian and Mabel Lewis Sahakian is a very helpful book about many philosophers and there ideas. The section Hegels Philosophy of Law, explains how Hegel believes in the three meanings of "Right";moral principle; law; or civil right. The section also goes off and explains his philosophy's on the state an organism, the constitution, the monarch, war, and international relations. Sharlow, Mark F. "Metaphysical Idealism." Internet Service Provider Broadband DSL Dial Access Hosting. Mark F. Sharlow, 2002. Web. 04 Jan. 2012. .This website explains Idealism and explains other philosophical systems to show what idealism is. This is a very useful source when figuring out what idealism is and isn't. it gives a clear understanding as to what the basic principles of idealism are.
We may think of chocolates as God's gift to humanity as they may soothes all our problems and suffering. But, have you ever wonder that these chocolates – sweet, good and pleasurable as it may, have dark sides?.
Nietzsche's master-slave morality describes the way in which moral norms shifted through the through eras, from pre-scocratic times to the modern age founded upon Christian and Jewish beliefs. During pre-socratic times, value was dominated and enacted by the master class, who saw themselves and what they did as good. Value was defined along their terms of good- what was good for the master class was itself good. This notion of value was designed along the lines of nobility and purity, which included traits such as courage, beauty, strong-will and happiness. The master-class said yes to existence, and their values affirmed their belief system, which, due to their position of control, created their disposition as elite and influenced the norms for morality at their time. Since the master-class viewed themselves as good, they distinguished themselves from the weaker individuals, those not in power, as bad. The weaker individuals, in pre-socratic times known as plebeians, according to the master-class, were weaker for various reasons. Be it due to their unhappiness, victimization to unfortunate circumstances, weak-will or a lack of courage, pride, or a combination of any of these despicable or non virtuous values. According to the master-class, adherence to these weak values initiated a form of fear within the plebeian, which created a lack of self worth and a lack of freedom or self-consciousness, deemed as slavery.
"Essentials of Objectivism." ARI Ayn Rand.Org. 2001. The Ayn Rand Institute. 20 April 2001. <http://www.aynrand.org/objectivism/essentials.html>.
Following in the path of Kant and Fichte, Hegel has become one of the most influential philosophers in history. His philosophy has influenced important people, such as Karl Marx, and influential schools of thought, such as the Frankfurt School. This influence rides heavily on the chapter, Master and Slave in his book Phenomenology of Spirit. This chapter examines the relationship between two self-consciousnesses, and the process of self-creating. The relationship between the two self-consciousnesses and the eventual path to ‘acknowledgment’ or recognition of the self is outlined in the first line of the chapter: “Self-consciousness exists in itself and for itself, in that, and by the fact that it exists for another self-consciousness; that
In 1806, nearly two hundred years before Fukuyama’s audacious historical stance, George Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel declared the end of history. Hegel bases his claim in that the Napoleonic Code, a preliminary, yet revolutionary replacement of previous feudal laws, was being promulgated and slowly implemented throughout Napoleon’s empire . Hegel believes, however, that the adoption of a particular code or set of standards for a civil society, like the Napoleonic Code or the Constitution of the United States, is stipulated on the rational evolution or progression of peoples towards the realization that they are free or equal. In short, a constitution that guarantees your freedom means nothing to those who do not possess the self-consciousness
Marx, Karl. "Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy in General." marxists.org. marxists.org, 19/10/2009. Web. 26 Mar 2010. .
Kung, Hans. The Incarnation of God: An Introduction to Hegel's Theological Thought As Prolegomena to a Future Christology. T&T Clark, 2001. hard cover.
Hegel's philosophy of History, on of the greatest in the philosophy cannon, is the great philosophers greatest body of work. The philosophy of History is based on such ideals as the idea that Reason rules history. George Hegel used Immanuel Kant's system of philosophy as a basis for his own, discarding a few ideas and adding some more. Particularly, he found fault with his idea of the underlying reality of everything, or "noumena," can never be known. They exist in a plane outside of our own reality and understanding, and are therefore impossible to perceive and study, much like Plato's "forms." Hegel countered this notion with the phrase, "What is rational is real, and what is real is rational." He believed that the ability to be understood is a prequalification for something to exist. Also, Hegel completely reversed Kant's idea of the nature of truth. While Kant carefully listed and categorized the components of truth, Hegel stated that truth was an organic and dynamic process that is impossible to break into neat components. In fact, he claims that truth constantly changes and encompasses many contradictions. Truth, he says, comes about as a product of Geist, a German word that can be translated as mind, ghost, or God.
As presented in the Phenomenology of Spirit, the aim of Life is to free itself from confinement "in-itself" and to become "for-itself." Not only does Hegel place this unfolding of Life at the very beginning of the dialectical development of self-consciousness, but he characterizes self-consciousness itself as a form of Life and points to the advancement of self-consciousness in the Master/Slave dialectic as the development of Life becoming "for-itself." This paper seeks to delineate this often overlooked thread of dialectical insight as it unfolds in the Master/Slave dialectic. Hegel articulates a vision of the place of human self-consciousness in the process of Life as a whole and throws light on the role of death as an essential ingredient in the epic drama of life's struggle and Spirit's birth.
Graham, Daniel W. "Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy." Internet Encylopedia of Philosophy. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Feb. 2014
Kreis, Steven. Lecture 12: The Existentialist Frame of Mind. 25 July 2002. The History Guide. 27 Nov. 2002.
28 Immanuel Kant, The Philosophy of Law. An Exposition of the Fundamental Principles of Jurisprudence as the Science of Right, quoted in Rommen, 88.
The word “right” (recht or Recht in German), as it is used in Kant’s political writings, has at least three closely related meanings. First, “right” is an adjective denoting a property of a certain set of actions: “right actions.” Second, “right” is a noun used to refer to an individual entitlement to engage in some action without interference, for example, “a right to practice my religion.” Finally, “right” can refer to a system of justice as a whole. What follows is a brief description of these three senses of “right,” and of the relationships between them.
Among those Hegel influenced were theologians and religious people because of his emphasis on the importance of God in his teachings. (Boston U) Hegel was supported by German scientists and theologians because he promoted the vitality of these two areas of studies. His opponents were those who did not believe in God or religious motives in philosophy like Kant with Agnostic Phenomenalism and Schelling with Objective Idealism that prompted Nietzsche and Marx to find their ideologies. Georg wrote many political works critiquing different European governments explaining how the morals and motives for doing certain things are corrupt and twisted. His more famous works came later, like the Jena Writings. Included in these writings was the Philosophy of Right. In this piece, Hegel talks about Natural Law and how the true meaning of Natural Law is hindered by the materialistic world. He claims that the physical world alters the perception of the actual truth. He advocated the traditional rationalist approach to the Natural Law. His underlying message is that the community must move beyond the false reality the state entraps them in to find what is real and what is good. (UTM) Hegel believed that if one were
Hegel's claim that self-consciousness realizes itself in ethical life is set up with the understanding that un-reactive immersion in the social community is no longer possible for modern human beings in his own time. In Hegel's view, ethical life is created within the culture and practices of the social community of an individual. “Ethical life is a system of norms and mores belonging to a social body, made up of spheres of social interaction and interdependence in which all individuals are embedded.” (Philosophy of Right, III: Ethical Life.) More importantly, the individual must follow that ethical life, and therefore contribute to the society himself. Ethical life is a stage of self consciousness towards which the individual of Hegel’s time is seen by Hegel to be living within, and to be constructing throughout his life. Hegel would claim that the moral individual would not try to dissociate from this, for his own benefit. He argues that reason is manifested in the benefit of the individual rather than of the social.