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Space exploration during the cold war
Space exploration during the cold war
Space exploration during the cold war
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Konstantin Tsiolkovsky was a Russian aeronautics research scientist who was born on September 17, 1857. He pioneered rocket and space research with his contributions in theorising problems of rocket propulsion and space travel. He was a self-educated academic who gained all his knowledge through reading and practice, as his deafness prevented him from joining school in early years. He died on 19 September 1935.
Tsiolkovsky was very interested in the philosophy of space as well as the engineering needed to make space flight possible. “The Exploration of Cosmic Space by Means of Reaction Devices”, one of his most significant works published in 1903, is regarded as the first academic paper on rocketry. Tsiolkovsky was the first to provide an estimate for the escape velocity required to obtain the smallest possible orbit around the Earth; he proposed his estimated 8 km/s could be achieved by means of a multistage rocket fuelled by liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen, remarkably similar to the fuel system used by modern day rocket sequences. He stated, though that the velocity and range of a rocket were limited by velocity of the exhaust gases escaping the rocket. He also suggested quartz windows and an outer layer fabricated with refractory substances to protect the spacecraft from the heat build up while moving through the atmosphere , and air locks during atmospheric exit. He was also able to describe that the main characteristics of the motion of objects are determined only by the forces of interaction between distinguishable objects in a given mechanical system. He also deduced that the “Laws of Conservation of the Dynamic Magnitudes” (i.e. momentum and kinetic energy) are significantly relevant when talking about motion. The ex...
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Works Cited
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Duchamp, Marcel. Konstantin Tsiokovsky. September 17, 2010. http://marcinchains.wordpress.com/2010/09/17/konstantin-tsiolkovsky-september-17-1857-september-19-1935/ (accessed Novermber 24, 2011).
Kosmodemyansky, Prof. A. In Konstanin Tsiolkovsky: His Life and His Work, translated by X. Danko, 8-14. Honolulu, Hawaii: University Press Of the Pacific, 2000.
Trotsky, L., 2014. The Overthrow of Tzarism and the Triumph of the Soviets. In: L. Trotsky, The Russian Revolution, 1st ed. Garden City, New York: Doubleday.
After the assassination of Alexander the Great in 1881 by Russian socialist revolutionaries, Alexander III ascended to the throne and began to develop a reactionary policy that would be used to suppress the power of anti-tsarist rivals (Kort 23). In the late 1800s, Tsar Alexander III was faced with growing insurrection from the populist peasants, who were demanding more freedoms and land under the Tsarist regime. However, he was unwilling to give up his traditional centralized authority for a more democratic system of ruling. Instead, he sought political guidance from his advisor, Konstantin Pobedonostsev, an Orthodox religious conservative and loyal member of the Russian autocracy. Pobedonostsev was quick to hound revolutionaries by means
One of the most gruesome serial killers of all time was Andrei Chikatilo. He was born on October 16, 1936 in Yablochnoye, a Ukrainian farming village. One of his clearest memories of his youth was that of his mother telling him his older brother had been stolen and eaten by neighbors during a great famine. This thought remained with him always and he later disclosed he often imagined the torturous ending his brother must have had.
Chekhov is part of a non-typical category of artists, because he did not believed in his genius, on the contrary, there are evidence that he believed that his work will not conquer time and posterity. Spectacular, just like Russia at the border between the 19th and 20th century, Chekhov was born the son of serfs in 1860 (Tsar Alexander will abolish serfdom in 1861) only to become a landlord 32 years later, and a neighbor of Prince Shakovskoi. He bought the Melikhovo estate (unconsciously imitating Tolstoy, the patriarch of Iasnaia Polyana), not far from Moscow, with 13 thousand rubles of which he has paid an advance of five thousand.
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Von Braun, Wernher & Fredrick I. Ordway III. History of Rocketry & Space Travel. (New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1975
George Gibian. New York: Norton, 1989. Frank, Joseph. The. Dostoevsky: The Miraculous Years, 1865-1871.
Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev Dmitri Mendeleev was one of the most famous modern-day scientists of all time, who contributed greatly to the world’s fields of science, technology, and politics. He helped modernize the world and set it further ahead into the future. Mendeleev also made studying chemistry easier, by creating a table with the elements and the atomic weights of them put in order by their properties. Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev was born in Tobolsk, Siberia, on February 7, 1834. The blonde-haired, blue-eyed boy was the son of Maria Dmitrievna Korniliev and Ivan Pavlovitch Mendeleev and the youngest of 14 children.
The idea that a satellite could be put into orbit around the Earth was introduced to the scientific community in 1903. Konstantin Tsiolkovsky showed that this could be done, but his work was all mathematical. In 1948, another Russian named Mikhail Tikhonravov talked to the famed scientist Sergei Korolev about turning this theory into an actual working device. Tikhonravov presented his ideas to the Academy of Artillery Sciences, but they refused to support the project. The Academy president Anatoli Blagonravov, however, could not get the idea that the project would have huge value out of his head. Eventually he brought the p...
The space race was the product of the Cold War. It was an effort to prove technological superiority but on the other hand, it was also feared on both sides that weapons of mass destruction will be placed in orbit. In 1957, the Soviet Union sent the 184 pound Sputnik 1 satellite into Earth’s orbit. It was the first artificial satellite and the first manmade object to be placed into Earth’s orbit. Following that, they also sent the first animal into space, Laika the dog. In 1958, the United Sates also launched their first satellite into orbit, dubbed Explorer 1. The Soviet space program advanced once again in 1959. The Soviet Union launched Luna 2, which was the first space probe to hit the moon. In April 1961, the Soviet Union had the ultimate success, sending the first human into space. The name of the Russian cosmonaut was Yuri Gagarin, who made a 108 minute suborbital flight in a Vostok 1 spacecraft. One month after that, Alan Shepard became the American in space aboard the Freedom 7 spacecraft. Continuing from there, each nation step...
Hansen, Bruce. “Dostoevsky’s Theodicy.” Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University, 1996. At . accessed 18 November 2001.
Before learning about the space explorations and all those courageous astronauts, it is crucial to know the genius masterminds of the explorations. Sergei Korolev was the chief Soviet designer and former political prisoner. His budget was small, yet he accomplished so much (Cadbury 129). Of course, his rival is Wernher von Braun, America’s much loved leader of the rocket team. After WWII, von Braun came to America. Few people knew this, but he was an SS officer and member of the Nazi party (Roger 236). Nevertheless, even though von Braun had a horrific past, he developed many launch vehicles for the U.S.
The idea of an elevator into space is not a new one. First contemplated by a Russian scientist in 1895,
Kjetsaa, Geir. Fyodor Dostoyevsky, A Writer's Life. New York, New York: Viking Penguin Inc., 1987,