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China Climate Change and Society
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As an American who grew up in California during the 1980s, my initial perception of modern China was primarily shaped by the standard history book narrative of the founding of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949 and the first few decades of communist rule that followed. However, my views were radically altered in the summer of 1989 when dramatic media images of the student led protest movement in Tiananmen Square dominated the nightly news. For the first time, I became aware that there were many Chinese people who wanted the same basic human rights and civil liberties that Americans enjoyed. A makeshift statue created by the protestors, the 10 meter tall Goddess of Democracy, became a powerful political symbol and a rallying call for freedom and democracy that resonated deeply with many people in the West (Deneen, xv). Then, just when it seemed that the peaceful student revolution was gaining momentum, the Chinese government deployed the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) into Tiananmen Square and the protest movement was quickly and brutally crushed. The incident affected me deeply and made me very suspicious and distrustful of the PRC government and its future ambitions.
My suspicions were only reinforced in the 1990s when members of Congress began to denounce unfair Chinese trade practices. In 1996, a bill to renew China’s “most favored nation” status generated acrimonious debate in the US House of Representatives. “These people don't think like us,” said Joe Scarborough, a Representative from Florida. “They don't share our values. They only understand that the U.S. continues to kowtow to them.” (qtd. in Schmitt par. 18). Yet, despite the harsh rhetoric from many members of Congress, the Clinton administration continue...
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...nd choked with people, bikes, buses, and cars. It was overwhelming. Yet, I never once felt threatened or in danger while traveling through China. Wherever I went there were always people who offered to help me and who were genuinely interested in knowing more about me and my life in the US. What surprised me most was how informed young Chinese people were about American history, culture, and politics. The Internet cafes were abuzz with you
Works Cited
Deneen, Patrick J. Democratic Faith. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 2005. Print
Schmitt, Eric. "House Defeats a Move to End China's Favored Trade Status." The New York Times. The New York Times, 28 June 1996. Web. 28 Nov. 2013.
Gittings, John. The Changing Face of China: From Mao to Market. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2006. Print.
Schuman, Michael. "Why Do We Fear a Rising China?" Time Magazine, 7 June 2011. Web. 1 Oct. 2013.
Jonathan Spence tells his readers of how Mao Zedong was a remarkable man to say the very least. He grew up a poor farm boy from a small rural town in Shaoshan, China. Mao was originally fated to be a farmer just as his father was. It was by chance that his young wife passed away and he was permitted to continue his education which he valued so greatly. Mao matured in a China that was undergoing a threat from foreign businesses and an unruly class of young people who wanted modernization. Throughout his school years and beyond Mao watched as the nation he lived in continued to change with the immense number of youth who began to westernize. Yet in classes he learned classical Chinese literature, poems, and history. Mao also attained a thorough knowledge of the modern and Western world. This great struggle between modern and classical Chinese is what can be attributed to most of the unrest in China during this time period. His education, determination and infectious personalit...
China's record of human rights violations is long and mind-boggling. Atrocities such as purging tens of millions of people during the Cultural Revolution, its infamous one-child-per-couple Population Policy, persistent oppression of Tibet and the bloody June 4 massacre at Tienanmen Square in 1989 have given the Chinese government a reputation of having little respect for human life. And yet, despite its tarnished record, China maintains its Most Favoured Nation trade status with the US and is one of Canada's top ten recipients of bilateral trade. As supposed supporters of human rights, Canadian and US governments have developed hypocritical attitudes toward China, compromising ethical values for material gain. Instead, North American nations should restrict aid and trade with China to programs that can be used to encourage social reforms.
Shambaugh, David, “Lifting the EU Arms Embargo on China: An American Perspective”, Discussion paper prepared for the CSIS/SWP conference “China’s Rise: Diverging U.S.- EU Approaches and Perceptions,” Berlin, April 28-29, 2005
In 1972, President Richard Nixon was quoted as stating that his visit to the People’s Republic of China (PRC) “changed the world…to build a bridge across sixteen thousand miles and twenty-two years of hostilities.” By meeting with Chairman Mao Zedong in Beijing, Nixon took groundbreaking first steps to opening relations and formally recognizing the People’s Republic of China. The history of the aforementioned hostilities between the United States and the PRC dates back to the Chinese Communist Party’s takeover of mainland China following its civil war in the post-World War II era. When the PRC was formally proclaimed in 1949 towards the close of the Chinese Civil War, the United States decided against recognizing its establishment and instead chose to back Taiwan, also known as the Republic of China. This decision was a product of its political environment, as President Harry Truman had just established the Truman Doctrine, which sought to check presumed Communist and Soviet aims to expand. In order to remain consistent and credible with its containment policy, a precedent was set and relations between the United States and the PRC remained closed. Tensions were only exacerbated during the Korean War in the 1950’s as the PRC intervened on behalf of the North Koreans and during the War in Vietnam in the 1970’s in their support of the North Vietnamese. Thus it is understandable that to the public eye, Nixon’s meeting with Mao Zedong in 1972 seemed to come out of the blue and was difficult to interpret given the context of Sino-US relations in the two deca...
In 2001 China entered the WTO it has made major stride in the world economy especially with trade agreements with the biggest capitalist economy and the biggest GDP and most developed country in the world the United States of America which has nearly 2.3 trillion of exported goods and service in 2013 (President, n.d.) When China entered in the WTO it had become the sixth largest economy and the largest market trade and was slightly ahead of Italy and just behind France. “China is third largest trading partner with the U.S and its trade surplus with the U.S. has increased to $201 billion around 2005 and by 2014 the total China-U.S. trade deals was 591 billion”. (Morrison, 2015) It had a global current account of $160 billion around 2005 (Hufbauer, Wong, & Sheth, 2006). As of 2015 “China is the U. S’s second largest trading company and the third largest export company and its biggest source of import”. (Morrison, 2015) Sales from a foreign affiliated U.S. firms in China totaled at 364 billion by 2013. (Morrison, 2015). What is also amazing is that China has the biggest U.S. treasury bonds and that keeps U.S interest rate low. Between 2010 to 2014 General Motor sold more cars in the Chine’s market than in the U.S. market and many U.S. firms participate in Chinese market to stay globally competitive. (Morrison, 2015). This kind of
Terrill, Ross. " China Is Rising, but for How Long?" New York Times. N.p.,
There is no better way to learn about China's communist revolution than to live it through the eyes of an innocent child whose experiences were based on the author's first-hand experience. Readers learn how every aspect of an individual's life was changed, mostly for the worst during this time. You will also learn why and how Chairman Mao launched the revolution initially, to maintain the communist system he worked hard to create in the 1950's. As the story of Ling unfolded, I realized how it boiled down to people's struggle for existence and survival during Mao's reign, and how lucky we are to have freedom and justice in the United States; values no one should ever take for
"The Chinese Revolution of 1949." U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian. Office of the
McPherdan, I. (2010, January 4). China Holds Key to Life. In Herald Sun. Retrieved November 16, 2013
... This essay critically analyses and examines the effect of Communism on the Chinese Society during the period of 1946-1964. The overall conclusion that can be drawn is that the Chinese Communist Party managed to defeat the Kuomintang (Nationalist) Party and achieve victory in the Civil War, in spite of alienation by the Soviet Union and opposition from the U.S. This was primarily because of the superior military strategy employed by the Communists and the economic and political reforms introduced by this party which brought more equality to the peasants in the form of land ownership and better public services. This increased China’s production and manufacturing, which not only boosted the country’s economy but also provided a more sustainable supply of food, goods and services for the Chinese people.
Dressed in the drab military uniform that symbolized the revolutionary government of Communist China, Mao Zedong's body still looked powerful, like an giant rock in a gushing river. An enormous red flag draped his coffin, like a red sail unfurled on a Chinese junk, illustrating the dualism of traditional China and the present Communist China that typified Mao. 1 A river of people flowed past while he lay in state during the second week of September 1976. Workers, peasants, soldiers and students, united in grief; brought together by Mao, the helmsman of modern China. 2 He had assembled a revolutionary government using traditional Chinese ideals of filial piety, harmony, and order. Mao's cult of personality, party purges, and political policies reflect Mao's esteem of these traditional Chinese ideals and history.
Gittings, John. The Changing Face of China: From Mao to market. Oxford University Press, 2005.
The Instability of China–US Relations", The Chinese Journal of International Politics 3, no. 3 (2010): 263-292, http://cjip.oxfordjournals.org/content/3/3/263.
Wei-Wei Zhang. (2004). The Implications of the Rise of China. Foresight, Vol. 6 Iss: 4, P. 223 – 226.
Eventually, in 1949, after a grueling civil war, the Communists took the leadership of China, starting the new era of “the People’s Republic of China”. Mao led the PRC with ambition, and made many sacrifices, both himself and as a nation. Although Mao’s ambition and sacrifices did lead to the better China that is known today, there are many that question the necessity of the harsh choices he made during his rule over the PRC. One can even question the morality of the decisions made by Mao, both direct and indirect for his nation. During the “Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution” of China, countless Chinese bourgeoisie were persecuted with almost no logical reason. His powerful and stern leadership turned into an iron fist. Mao in the long run did improve China, but many of his actions were unnecessary and actually hindered the progress of his