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Globalization affect on culture
Globalization affect on culture
Globalization affect on culture
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“Change is never easy. You fight to hold on. You fight to let go.” ~Daniel Stern. So goes the story of our changing world. A world that is constantly fighting to move forward, yet stay the same. Changes like globalization and modernization have greatly influenced the historical state of many societies, and there continues to be significant change happening today within traditional cultures around the world in response to globalization and modernization. The Maasai tribe of northern Tanzania and the Wanniyala-Aetto people of Sri Lanka are two examples of cultures fighting to stay the same in a world that is forever changing around them.
The Maasai people of northern Tanzania have been fighting against the changes being pressed into the fabric of their society for many years. At first look it seems as though the Maasai have been resistant to change and consistent in retaining their cultural traditions, when in reality, the inevitable truth is that the Maasai people are becoming extinct. As successful pastoralists, the Maasai have been characterized by their nomadic movement in search of grazing lands for their cattle. Cattle are the preferred form of currency and every aspect of the Maasai life is focused around them from marriages to migration. (Hayes, 2003. )The Maasai have occupied over 200,000 square kilometers of northern Tanzania for centuries, living a simple life and depending on the land for what they need. (Tore, 2007) They dress in their traditional red with men carrying a spear and a knife to use for self-defense making them known as fierce warriors. A medicine man has commonly been the source of healing for the Maasai, using plants and herbs to make healing concoctions. (Tore, 2007)
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...n. . Retrieved from “Maasai: A Living Legend.”: http://www.maasaierc.org/maasailegacy.html
Igoe, J. (2006). Becoming Indigenous Peoples: Difference, Inequality, and the Globalization of East African Identity Politics. African Affairs, 399-420.
Stegeborn, W. (2004). The Disappearing Wanniyala-Aetto of Sri Lanka: A case Study. Nomadic People, 43-63.
The African Roots Foundation. (2008). The Life History of Maasai. Retrieved Jan 13, 2014, from www.africanrootsfoundation.org: http://www.africanrootsfoundation.org/2008/the-life-history-of-maasai/
Tore, C. D. (2007). Endangered Humans: The Effects of Globalization and Westernization on Small Scale Societies and Indigenous Populations. Retrieved Jan 09, 2014, from ux.brookdalecc.edu: http://ux.brookdalecc.edu/fac/history/Tangents/Articles%20for%20Vol%20III/Microsoft%20Word%20-%20hon%20sem%20paper%20DeTore.pdf
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By analyzing the Kawaiisu, a Great Basin Native tribe, I want to explore cultural wonders and observe their society as I compare an aspect of interest with that of another culture in the world, the Chuuk. Comparing different societies of the world will allow me to successfully learn about the Kawaiisu people in a more detailed and open minded manner. Populations all around the world throughout time have had different views and traditions of beliefs. Through this project, I hope to unravel and gain an understanding of different perspectives and ways of life.
First I will define the definition of terms used in this paper. When I use the word Aboriginal, I understand this as a label given from the colonizers/ Europeans to identify Indigenous peoples. Canadian legislation defines Indigenous peoples as Aboriginal, I understand this as indifferent from the dominant ideology, therefore, the colonizers named Indigenous peoples as Aboriginal. According to teachings I have been exposed to it’s a legal term and it’s associated with discrimination and oppression. However, audiences I have written for prefer the use of Aboriginal. More premise to this reference is Aboriginal, Indigenous, First Nations, Indian and Native are used interchangeable, but it should be noted these names do represent distinct differences. Furthermore, I will use Indigenous to represent an empowering way to reference a unique general culture in Canada. Under the title of Indigenous peoples in Canada, for me represents: First Nations people, Metis people and Inuit peoples. These are the two titles I will use when I reference Indigenous people from an empowering perspective and Aboriginal from a colonizer perspective.
In the Great Planes of America there was a tribe of Indians known as the Arapaho Indians. There is little documentation as to when or where they came from but it is known they were in many different places in the Midwest including Oklahoma, Wyoming, Kansas and Colorado. The Arapaho Indians were nomadic people who survived on hunting buffalo and gathering. This tribe was greatly changed when they were introduced to horses. The horses provided them a new way to hunt battle and travel. The horse became the symbol and center of Arapaho nomadic life: people traded for them, raided for them, defined wealth in terms of them and made life easier.
The way of the Ju/‘hoansi life has changed dramatically in many ways throughout the years. However, it is still possible to reflect upon their original way of life and compare it with their present state of living. Most of the changes occurred due to environmental, economical, developmental, social and cultural changes. All of which play a vital role in determining a Ju’s way of life. Although the land of the Dobe and !Kangwa have developed and changed in recent years, there are still some remnants of how the environment used to be. A significant shift in social and cultural aspects of the Ju/‘hoansi life can be observed in the new environment. However, some important aspects of their culture and belief system are still reflected in their everyday lives.
Migrations have taken place by slaves and by free people of sub-Saharan Africa for over seventy thousand years, beginning with the tropical areas of the Old World and followed by Eurasia and the Americas. These migrations, or Diasporas, began with religious voyages and cultural exchanges and evolved to the slave trade and the deportation of black men, women and children to new colonies as workers and servants. Long before the Atlantic slave trade grew, merchants from Greece and the Roman Empire traveled to the East African coast. Patrick Manning points out in, African Diaspora: A History Through Culture, that migrants came from southern Arabia to Eretria and Ethiopia in the first millennium BCE (Manning 36). As time went on, contacts grew with other regions of Africa and trade developed with Asia and Europe. This resulted in further migrations of black Africans as both slaves and free men. The Africans brought with them customs, music food preparation techniques and minerals. For example, the discovery of copper in Central Africa brought about a substantial trans-Saharan trade and more exchange of culture and migrations. As more Africans migrated to various parts of the world, they carried with them their culture and learned new techniques and ways of life. Whether they migrated as slaves or as free men, the Africans influenced their new lands and African identity was influenced forever. This paper will look at the effects of these migrations on African identity throughout the Diaspora. It will examine migration patterns, issues of race, racial hierarchy and culture.
Zahan, Dominique. The Religion, Spirituality, and Thought of Traditional Africa. Trans. Kate Ezra Martin and Lawrence M. Martin. Chicago: U of Chicago Press, 1979.
In his book “Cattle Brings Us to Our Enemies”, McCabe does a 16-year stint in East Africa, specifically in Northern Kenya, doing research on the Turkana. He does this through STEP, the South Turkana Ecosystem Project. In “Cattle Bring Us to Our Enemies”, McCabe follows four families through his years in Kenya and notes how they live in a very demanding environment. He uses ecological data to analyze how and why the Turkana people make decisions about their everyday life. McCabe focuses on four main areas of study: how the Turkana survive and adapt to a stressful environment by nomadic pastoralism, how the techniques used to extract resources and manage livestock modify the environment, the effects of the environmental and cultural practices have on
Trupin, James E. West Africa - A Background Book from Ancient Kingdoms to Modern Times, Parent's Magazine Press. New York, 1991.
Sharma, B.R.. "Cultural Preservation Reconsidered." Critique of Anthropology 19 (1999): 53 - 61 . College of Anthropology . Web. 2 Apr. 2011.
The Korowai are one of the most endangered ethnic groups in the world. Their traditional culture was developed thousands of years ago. They live in small family clans and are hunter-gatherers and live in a horticultural society. The natural resources have allowed them to survive in the harsh rainforest which they depend for living. As population grows in society more and more people are using the earth’s natural resources. Trees are being cut down for extraction of minerals and energy. Lands are being used to create missionary communities. The Korowai territory is surrounded by missionary communities, who have influ...
In the Maasai society, genital cutting is a rite of passage from childhood to adulthood, and both men and women go through the process of circumcision. As society ages, opinions on cultural norms change. This is true for the Maasai society, where the views on female circumcision have and are changing. Female circumcision is classified into three categories, and defined by the World Health Organization, Type I is the removal of the foreskin on the vagina, Type II is the removal of the clitoris, and Type III is the removal of all external genitalia with the stitching or narrowing of the vaginal opening (“New Study”). Traditionally in the Maasai society, women underwent Type II or Type III circumcision. Written in 1988, “The Initiation of a Maasai Warrior,” by Tepilit Ole Saitoi, and is an autobiographical story of Saitoti’s circumcision in his initiation to a warrior. Though his story mainly focuses on the male circumcision part of the Maasai society, women’s circumcision and other basic traditions are discussed. Throughout the short story, the topic of circumcision and the rite of passage, both long- standing traditions in the Maasai society, are central themes.
The world is always moving and changing and humans have learned to adapt and embrace these changes. The increase in technology, and new concepts around transporting and globalizing the world there will always be a changes within a culture, food, music, politics or even transforming the whole culture into something that is modernized. The world is becoming more diverse in sharing our different customs, and there is an increase in productivity and creating connections around the world that within the last century would not have been imagine. The spread of globalization has contributed out positive effects, and should be encouraged in many places around the world, with the encouragement of globalization issues can be minimize by the spread of
The Anasazi culture came to a climax around 1350 A.D, and the four corners region was abandoned never to be reoccupied again. The Anasazi seem to have vanished without a trace, however like any great mystery there are clues that may help us understand what happened to this highly advanced society. The scope of this paper will be to discuss the arguments of Jared Diamond author of the New York Times best seller Collapse, and Michael Wilcox author of Chapter 5 in Questioning Collapse titled An indigenous Response to Jared Diamonds Archaeology of the American southw...
Africa’s struggle to maintain their sovereignty amidst the encroaching Europeans is as much a psychological battle as it is an economic and political one. The spillover effects the system of racial superiority had on the African continent fractured ...