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History of racism in America
Effect of apartheid in South Africa
Conclusion of apartheid
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The strength of a nation is not established by the force of its military, economic standing, or government, but rather how its citizens are regarded. In order to attain strength, a nation must respect the principle of solidarity; the power of one voice. For without a defined sense of unity, a society is likely to crumble. Unfortunately, as seen throughout history, civilization has often made it their mission to seek out the differences in one another instead of accepting them. This fear of the unknown has led to humankind’s most despicable behavior; the separation of individuals due to their physical attributes. “Racism is mans gravest threat to man...the maximum of hatred for a minimum reason -Abraham Heschel .” Not only has racism allowed unproven ideologies to spread, but it has also lead to the disintegration of civilizations. Sadly, such tragic events have been a prevalent part in the history of Africa. Perhaps, one of the most blatant forms of racism occurred in South Africa, during the period of Apartheid. From 1948 to 1994 non-white Africans were subjected to horrific treatment, enforced by the South African National Party. The repulsive forms of racial segregation in South Africa, resulting from race and color, not only oppressed the colored majority group, but also denied them of any rights or human dignity.
It can be easily stated that the apartheid movement bestowed cruel and unusual punishments upon the people of South Africa, in order to execute its purpose. However, apartheid could have not been carried out if they were not individuals who believed in its principles. In order to understand the National parties ideologies regarding the issue of apartheid, it is essential to acknowledge the history of Boer soc...
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...nica. Retrieved March 28, 2011, from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/29332/apartheid
Bureau of African Affairs. (2011). Background Note: South Africa. Retrieved March 28, 2011, from http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2898.html
Charlesworth, M. (1982). Science, non-science & pseudo-science : Bacon, Popper, Lakatos, Kuhn and Feyerabend on defining science. Vic: Deakin University Press
Darwin, C. (2011). In Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved March 28, 2011, from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/151902/Charles-Darwin
Deegan, H. (2001). The Politics of the New South Africa: Apartheid and After. England: Longman
John Dugard, Nicholas Haysom and Gilbert Marcus. (1992).The Last Years of Apartheid: Civil Liberties in South Africa. New York: Ford Foundation
Marshall, D. (1987). Apartheid in South Africa. New York: Cambridge University Press
As the world turns, so do the minds of people who embrace the idea of equality and fairness to all. While society has many ills that prevent its potential growth, racism remains the most prevalent and consistent issue that hurts society’s ability to create unison. From the western to the eastern hemisphere, this ‘ism’ has manifested itself in every aspect of social life; even today, it still marks people’s philosophy and so much so that it influences practices, laws and social action across the world. Although there have been substantial gains in racial equality over the past century, racism still remains a deeply embedded and enduring ideology because of the creation of social divisions that allows power over a certain group of people and
Massey, Douglas A. and Nancy A. Denton. American Apartheid. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993.
Graham Leach is a former BBC Radio, for Southern Africa correspondent. Graham Leach has been a technical instructor for more than seven years. He joined the BBC as trainee in the 1970s. He was a reporter back then and was based in London. During the early 80s, international reporter was posted in areas such as Beirut to report on the upheavals that were occurring at the time. He is famous for writing the book; The Afrikaners – their last great trek. This book fundamentally outlines the lifestyle, struggles of the Afrikaners in South Africa, and their final triumph as wanting to be the superior race in South Africa. These two books portray Graham Leach as a form of activist towards Apartheid, as he’s books are influential and inspiring towards the abolishment of Apartheid and the coming of a new age. This book aims to enlighten the reader of the change South Africa had gone through, that it lay on the brink of massive change. However a question is being posed on whether Apartheid can dismantle peacefully, or could this violently emerge into a revolution and end up in a civil war. This is what Graham Leach sets out to understand as he provides for the reader an up to date guide of the experiences in South Africa during that time, the political situation and provides an outlook towards the future chance/outcomes for South Africa. By looking at South Africa from Graham Leach’s point of view during Apartheid, a justification can be made on whether he’s views towards South Africa, accurately measures out the the change occurring in South Africa politically and socially during this time and whether or not it will peaceful or characterised by violence.
Racism is never bound by culture, language, or even continents. It is an evil that spans the globe. The history of South Africa is of a culturally divided and fragmented society. The architects of apartheid took advantage of this splintered social order to create an institutionalized separation, dehumanization and enslavement of a people through laws and customs. However, freedom can be achieved when one voice has the courage to stand up against thousands, and inspires others to stand up for what is right and just. The ending of apartheid in South Africa allows people everywhere to never again accept a different definition of freedom depending on a classification imposed by another. South Africa has forged a bright future from the chains of the darkness of the heart – the darkness known as apartheid.
...f South African language and culture, acknowledgement of the racial oppression in South Africa, past and present, that it was wrong and positive action is required to make it right, and finally that all South Africans are legitimate and enjoy full moral equality (“About – DA”). In order for all this to be possible, the state must ensure it does not compromise the freedom of the individual (“About – DA”).
Msimangu sees the immoral nature of the white society in South Africa: “I see only one hope for our country, and that is when white men and black men, desiring neither power nor money, but desiring only the good of their country, come together to work for it” (71). Paton tells us that to change the attitude toward blacks that good white men and good black men must work together. Both the blacks and whites need to forgive each other and move on together for the sake of South Africa. Both the cultures need to reach peace because “white can live without black, and black without white”(109). Paton explains that society cannot exist without the other. Society must learn to embrace the fellow man and not divide themselves for their own good. For if this trend continues, there will be no blacks living with whites, no jobs, and no money for the whites. Blacks and whites must develop a symbiotic relationship for their cultures to survive.
Apartheid was a system of separation of the races both politically and socially in South Africa in the second half of the twentieth century. This system was said to be one of the last examples of institutionalized racism, and has been almost universally criticized. These Apartheid rules and restrictions were put in place by the National Party which had power over South Africa during this time period. The purpose of Apartheid legislation was to bring the Afrikaner ethnic group to a higher power in South Africa, and accomplished just that. The Afrikaner group was made up of descendants from Dutch colonists who settled in South Africa in order to make a refreshment station, a sort of rest stop, for the Dutch East India Company. The longer people stayed in Africa, the more they started to associate with it as their home. With the enslavement of many Africans, it is easy to see how these Afrikaners would associate themselves as above them and would feel entitled to power over them. This entitlement it how Apartheid rules were born.
Source A gives a view on the South African governments control over its people and racial discrimination. It is a biased view and makes the South African government seem cruel and racist. It states that the governments "politics are determined by the colour a persons skin". As this is a statement it gives the impression that it is a fact and by giving this impression it also communicates the idea that the South African government IS racist, rather than the South African government COULD be racist. This comes as no real surprise as the advert has been paid for by the ANC (African National Congress), who are a very anti - South African government organization.
The End of Apartheid - HistoryWiz South Africa. (n.d.). HistoryWiz: for students, teachers and lovers of history. Retrieved February 19, 2011, from http://www.historywiz.org/end.htm
In the late late twentieth century, the apartheid in South Africa portrays the reaping benefits of breaking the law for the greater good of the South Africans. After the all-white government came to power in South Africa, the officials began imposing unfair laws upon restricting the majority nonwhites. This lead to the mass revolution through armed and peaceful protests, breaking laws such as the Population Registration Act. This upheaval led to providing more power to the nonwhites and providing more equality between the people, increasing peace relations and making a more stable environment for the next generation. Such outcomes outweigh the infraction of going against the law, proving it justifiable to break the law for the sustainability of the future.
The Role of External Pressure in the Fight Against Apartheid and Minority Rule in South Africa
the ban on the ANC, the PAC and the SACP, he announced the release of
on him or her. Unless it was stamped on their pass, they were not allowed to
South Africa really began to suffer when apartheid was written into the law. Apartheid was first introduced in the 1948 election that the Afrikaner National Party won. The plan was to take the already existing segregation and expand it (Wright, 60). Apartheid was a system that segregated South Africa’s population racially and considered non-whites inferior (“History of South Africa in the apartheid era”). Apartheid was designed to make it legal for Europeans to dominate economics and politics (“History of South Africa in the apartheid era”).
Old South Africa is best described by Mark Uhlig, “The seeds of such violent conflict in South Africa were sown more than 300 years ago, with the first meetings of white settlers and indigenous black tribes in an unequal relationship that was destined one day to become unsustainable” (116).