A Critical Review of Davenport & Low, 2013, From trust to compliance: accountability in the fair trade movement, Social Enterprise Journal, vol. 9, no. 1, pp 88-101. Davenport & Low (2013) conducted a study on the evolution of fair trade movement from trust-based relationships to standards-based systems. The research emphasized on the external and internal accountability approach adopted by Fair Trade Labelling Organization International (FLO) and World Fair Trade Organization (WFTO). External accountability used by FLO focuses respectively. on standard-based certification in which the reliability of the products depends on the label and ‘rituals’ of auditing’ while WFTO acquires internal accountability through organizational self-assessment which is based on democracy and trust between the producer and the consumer. The findings revealed that the popularization of labeling and certification used by FLO has turned the trust relationship to a market-based relationship. Jahn et al.(2005) stressed that it will create a substantial ‘brand risk’ to Fairtrade labeling if monitoring anywher...
Wright, L. T., & Heaton, S. (2006). Fair Trade marketing: an exploration through qualitative research. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 14(4), 411-426. doi:10.1080/09652540600948019
Fair trades underlying principle is that companies should serve interests beyond their own profits. Wal-Mart has disregarded that principle, and their extensive trade with China is a perfect example of their slavish devotion toward just unjust profits.
...sibility to compile with lies on everyone. Fair Trading Act was used in this guide to show how some situations which arise in business are applied to law. Headings were used to cover the most important sections of the act with details on how it relates to business. Having said all that, I can conclude that this was just a guide on how each and every one should compile with the law, there are many sections which I didn’t mention, not because they are not important but I wanted to emphasise on the ones which are usually encountered in everyday business. Everyone must follow the law, if you are found to be in breach of any act, there are penalties. Any company or person has the right to defend the charges laid upon them but evidence must be provided. There are also remedies which can be claimed, not only under this act but in other laws as well.
...-operative handling distribution of coffee (Kolk 2013:327-28). Fair trade also allows consumers to consider the type of product being purchased by informing them of the fair and ethical practices behind the coffee beans (Kolk 2013:334). By supporting fair trade coffee the consumer can feel a sense of contribution in supporting the farmers’ livelihood.
Davenport University is pleased to submit this request for proposal of services to all competing companies in achieving its goals for improving the universities technologies and student experience by providing a timely and cost effective method of delivery, installing, and configuring of these technologies systems. We have partnered with the information technology department with the school’s education board with the intent of improving the educational standards. It is crucial that the accuracy of supply quota and the delivery of 200 new machines is done in a timely manner and does not interrupt the education process at Davenport University.
Fairtrade is something that you will now hear or read about on a regular basis while grocery shopping. We can see packages labelled as Fairtrade; we can see stores promote themselves as being fair trade. However, when you ask people what fair trade actually is, some know and others have a skewed idea of what it means. Fairtrade is a certified process where businesses promote fair prices, fair working conditions, and better trading methods. There are many regulations that are placed onto producers so they can acquire the prestigious title of being labelled “fair trade certified”, yet many of these requirements are not met fully, especially when it comes to workers. Workers are not being treated as fairly as they should be on some of the
Fair Trade will partner with corporations such as manufacturers, retailers and other companies who are associated with buying produce from producers in undeveloped c...
... the regulatory and NTB issues of TTIP through either mutual recognition agreements (acceptance of a good or service based on a “tested-once” standard by each side) or harmonization (same standards for both EU and US), but this may not be feasible. While US Senators pressure US Trade officials to “resolve . . . unwarranted agricultural barriers as part of the FTA negotiations on both an individual and a systematic basis,” the EU Trade Representative is forced to mitigate criticisms by unequivocally stating that “no standard in Europe will be lowered because of this trade deal.” This tug-of-war between free trade and norms is described by Zaiki Laidi as “the liberalization of trade at odds with strong social, cultural, and identity issues,” and it is precisely the sustainable development norms of the EU that are being put to the test within the TTIP negotiations.
Proponents of Fair Trade often overlook the costs of becoming and maintaining a Fair Trade certification. Thus, the analysis they give on its utility does not portray the entire picture accurately. Fair Trade includes several explicit and implicit costs to the producers (Haight 15). The most obvious costs come in the form of certification fees and costs of inspections. To attain membership in FLO, cooperatives must pay a fee. Furthermore, they must pay for inspections to verify that they meet the standards required by FLO. However, these are not the only costs. Many hidden costs exist for Fair Trade producers. The standards that FLO holds its producers to require
Apple’s maintenance of its image in the global marketplace comes with a price on how ethnically Apple conducts business practices while promoting environmentally safe products for the consumer. Apples’ Code of Conduct, voluntarily executed, exemplifies to the global market, investors, regulators, that Apple’s standards and codes of environmental conduct are universal. To maintain Apples’ universal symbolism, systematic inspections into Apples’ supply chain, conducted regularly, are to expose violations of its work ethics not surpassing apples’ comprehensive standards established for its suppliers.
Lemieux, Pierre. "Defending sweatshops." Regulation, vol. 38, no. 2, 2015, p. 66+. Academic OneFile, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A421322690/AONE?u=ncowl&sid=AONE&xid=72a3e552. Accessed 17 Apr. 2018.
International trading has had its delays and road blocks, which has created a number of problems for countries around the world. Countries, fighting with one another to get the better deal, create tariffs and taxes to maximize their profit. This fighting leads to bad relationships with competing countries, and the little producing countries get the short end of this stick. Regulations and organizations have been established to help everyone get the best deal, such as the World Trade Organization (WTO), but not everyone wants help, especially from an organization that seems to help only the big countries and those they want to trade with. This paper will be discussing international trading with emphasis on national sovereignty, the World Trade Organization, and how the WTO impacts trading countries.
In the late 1940s the initial fair trade movement began in the United States. During that period Fair trade was often regarded as a political gesture to neo-imperialism. The slogan 'Trade not Aid' at the time, obtain international recognition. In addition, it adopted the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) to focus on the establishment of fair trade relations with the developing countries (Littrell and Dickson, 1999; MORI, 2000). At the same time Fair Trade in Europe started from the late 1950s. British Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) name Oxfam gradually to sell some crafts by Chinese refugees made in Oxfam stores (Littrell and Dickson, 1999; MORI, 2000). And then in 1964 it created the first fair trade organizations. Moreover, Dutch third world groups also began to sell cane sugar and this produces with the message 'by buying cane sugar you give people in poor countries a place in the sun of prosperity' (Littrell and Dickson, 1999; MORI,
Fair Trade is considered as an alternative trading system, which aims to protect the economically disadvantaged producers, especially in developing countries. It provides transparency and respect in international trade (Gingrich and King, 2012). Besides, Fair Trade also contributes to sustainable development by offering better trading conditions for marginalised producers and workers and securing their rights (Mohan, 2010).
Fair Trade is a simple idea that improves the living and working conditions of small farmers and workers. The Fair Trade movement promotes the standards for fair labor conditions, fair pricing, direct trade, environmentalism, social policy, and community development. Businesses wishing to adopt Fair Trade practices have to purchase certification licenses, which then leads to Fair Trade Labeling Organization (FLO) sending representatives to the farms from which the products are purchased and ensures that the farmers adhere to the procedures outlined in the Fair Trade standards. Products marked by the Fair Trade label contain 100% Fair Trade certified contents. Buying Fair Trade Certified products, consumers are helping the lives of famers out of poverty through investments in their farms/communities, protecting the environment, and developing the business skills for trading. The practice of Fair Trading a good way to not only help cause awareness but also improve the lives of the workers.