Animals are amazing creatures. They are unable to communicate as humans do, they cannot tell us in words what they need or want. Even though animals and humans have their differences we are all alike in many ways. Surgical procedures are required for both species; lacerations in the skin need to be stitched up, mothers need help delivering babies, and the prevention of unwanted pregnancies becomes necessary.
Cesarean Section is a surgical procedure in which the abdomen and uterus are surgically opened to deliver the unborn babies and puppies. There are various reasons to have a C-section delivery. C-Sections become necessary when the pelvis shape and size are too small. Complications due to the position and size of a fetus may not allow for an easy delivery. Obstetricians and Vets will use ultrasound machines to gain information that will help them make a decision to perform this method of delivery. Ultrasound machines create images using high frequency sound waves that allow them to see pictures of the fetus and surrounding body structure. For women C-sections should only be used in emergency situations. Birth creates a lot of stress on both the body of humans and animals. One of the main reasons an obstetrician will perform an emergency C-section is if there are signs of distress presenting risks to the fetus and mother. Dog owners will schedule the surgery with the Vet if they want assistance with their puppies delivery.(“Cesarean Section”). A C-section delivery must take into account the appropriate time for a puppy’s best chance of survival. Before a C-section is preformed it is best to wait until the temperature of the dog drops to 99 degrees or labor begins spontaneously.(“Necessary C-sections”). The best way to tell i...
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According to Steen and Marchant (2007), 60-70% of women will require sutures after vaginal delivery. A common morbidity of lacerations in the perineum is acute pain (Steen et al., 2007). Indeed, many women who have had birth related lacerations have decreased mobility, difficulty sitting comfortably, or fear of defecation due to pain (Steen et al. 2007). Furthermore, this pain may impede a mother from breastfeeding, focusing on newborn care and can lead to increasing irritability (Steen et al., 2007).
When owners take their pets to the clinic, they are understandably anxious about the results and outcome of the visit. While it’s the veterinarian's job to provide care for the animal, it’s also their job to put the owners at ease, reassuring them that their pet will indeed be fine. This communication is vital for building trust, as it lets the owner know what is happening to their animal and gives them confidence in believing that everything will be okay. What’s more, veterinarians that take the time to thoroughly explain procedures and instructions regarding petcare, are teaching pet owners how to better tend to their
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Hysterectomy is a common surgical procedure in the United States, with approximately 600,000 hysterectomies performed each year (Whiteman et al., 2008). Hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus and may be accompanied by bilateral or unilateral oophorectomy (Appiah, 2015). Rates of hysterectomies increased, from years 1965-2002. Since then a 34% reduction in hysterectomy rates has been reported, in 2010 (Lobo, 2016). Hysterectomy may be accompanied by the removal of one or both of the ovaries to decrease the risk of ovarian cancer and in some cases for an indication other than cancer, such as treating fibroid tumors or excess bleeding (Moorman, 2011).
Humanity has relied heavily on animals for millennia, for everything from food to transport, companionship and entertainment, and as such animal welfare is a topic that is hugely important to us as a society. My passion for the preservation of animal health coupled with my love of science has set me up perfectly for a career as a veterinary surgeon.
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Opiods are the most popular class of drugs used for post-cesarean analgesia. They are most useful in treatment of somatic pain. Use of morphine, diamorphine, fentanyl, sufentanil, meperidine, nalbuphine and buprenorphine is well documented. The various opiods differ in their potency and severity of side effects. A discussion of the merits and de-merits of each is beyond the scope of this article. The common minor side effects include nausea, vomiting, pruritus, shivering and urinary retention. Respiratory depression, especially late-onset, is a more dreaded complication.
Mark H. Beers, MD. "The Merck Manual of Medical Information." Mark H. Beers, MD. The Merck Manual of Medical Information. Whitehouse Station NJ: Merck & CO., INC, 2003. 1630-1631.
Between five to ten percent of all infants are born more than two weeks before their due date due to several factors that include infections, illness, poor nutrition, or complications during the pregnancy. Fetal monitors are used in the cases of C-sections because there is a much higher risk of detecting the infant’s distress and therefore can go in more quickly to remove the baby from the uterus. When the mother is under general anesthesia, which is rare in the United States, the mother is not aware of any kind of pain or even the birth of her child. When the mother has spinal anesthesia she has no feeling from the waist down. Sometimes, the best indication that the baby is in distress is the mother- an unfamiliar pain occurs or something else could be a sign of problems.
Worldwide, the rate of cesarean section is increasing. According to the CDC, in 2012 the rate of cesarean sections comprised 32.8% of all births in the United States (CDC, 2013). Between 1996-2009 the cesarean section rate has risen 60% in the U.S (CDC, 2013). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 50% of the 137 countries studies had cesarean section rates higher than 15% (WHO, 2010). The current goal of U.S. 2020 Healthy People is to reduce the rate of cesarean section to a target of 23.9%, which is almost 10% lower than the current rate (Healthy People 2020, 2013). According to a study conducted by Gonzales, Tapia, Fort, and Betran (2013), the appropriate percentage of performed cesarean sections is unclear, and is dependent on the circumstances of each individual birth (p. 643). Though often a life-saving procedure when necessary, the risks and complications associated with cesarean delivery are a cause for alarm due to the documented rate increase of this procedure across the globe. Many studies have revealed that cesarean deliveries increase the incidence of maternal hemorrhage and mortality and neonatal respiratory distress when compared to vaginal deliveries. As a result, current research suggests that efforts to reduce the rate of non-medically indicated cesarean sections should be made, and that comprehensive patient education should be provided when considering an elective cesarean delivery over a planned vaginal delivery.
Over the years birthing methods have changed a great deal. When technology wasn’t so advanced there was only one method of giving birth, vaginally non-medicated. However, in today’s society there are now more than one method of giving birth. In fact, there are three methods: Non-medicated vaginal delivery, medicated vaginal delivery and cesarean delivery, also known as c-section. In the cesarean delivery there is not much to prepare for before the operation, except maybe the procedure of the operation. A few things that will be discussed are: the process of cesarean delivery, reasons for this birthing method and a few reasons for why this birthing method is used. Also a question that many women have is whether or not they can vaginally deliver after a cesarean delivery, as well as the risks and benefits if it. Delivering a child by a c-section also has a few advantages and disadvantages for both the mother and child; this will also be discussed in more depth a bit later.