Radiology has been around for a very long time. The first traces of anything to do with radiology appear in February 22, 1890. At the University of Pennsylvania in a physics lab Professor Arthur Willis Goodspeed began demonstrating the properties of a Crookes cathode ray tube to a photographer William Jennings. (DiSantis, 2013). Jennings stacked several unexposed photographic plates on top of which were two coins. After the plates were exposed to the cathode ray energy, Jennings developed them some were mysteriously fogged, and one displayed two peculiar disk shaped shadows. (2013). Neither Jennings or Goodspeed could explain the occurrence so the plates were forgotten and filed away for 6 years. Until rediscovered by Wilhelm Roentgen. (2013). After Roentgen’s rediscovery Goodspeed and Jennings recreated the setting of the previous incident to grasp the magnitude of the observation they failed to make. They then discovered that the disks were in fact the coins and they showed up after the film was exposed to the cathode ray energy. While Goodspeed claimed “no credit for the interesting accident,” he also said “without doubt, the first Roentgen picture was produced on February 22, 1890…[at] the University of Pennsylvania.” (2013) Roentgen received credit for the first European x-ray.
The first intentional American radiograph was performed by Arthur Wright of the Yale Physics Department on January 27, 1896 80 days after the discovery of x-rays by Roentgen. (DiSantis, 2013). Wright placed cardboard-covered photographic paper beneath a cathode ray tube. On top he placed a pencil, a pair of scissors, and a quarter. Using a lengthy exposure of 15 minutes, he obtained “a very clear representation of the objects.” (2013). The first c...
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Neoliberalism is an economic approach that promotes a laissez-faire model of trade (Edmonds-Poli & Shirk, 253). This economic model, widely supported by many Western economists, is based on three main principles: stabilization, structural adjustment, and trade liberalization. (Edmonds-Poli & Shirk, 254) Neoliberalism is a method to restructure the economy and the first step is to stabilize the fiscal supply. This happens through decreased government spending, leading to an overall decrease in employment, public services, and access to credit, while simultaneously increasing interest rates and the cost of imports (Edmonds-Poli & Shirk, 254). The next element of neoliberalism is structural adjustment which focuses on the shift from the public to the private sector. This shift is meant to minimize government involvement, which in turn stimulates competition in an open market economy to create a more efficient private sector (Edmonds-Poli & Shirk, 254). Finally, trade liberalization works to increase foreign investment and exports by lowering trade restrictions, such as tarif...
During the cold winter of 1895, a German scientist by the name of Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen was working with a cathode-ray tube when he noticed nearby crystals were glowing. When Roentgen reached for the crystals he was amazed when the shadow cast on the crystal was not of his whole hand, but just his bones. Roentgen covered the tube with heavy black paper and saw that the crystals still glowed and the shadow of his hand bones still shown through, he then determined that a new ray was being emitted that could penetrate through thick materials. (1.) He later found that the rays could pass through most anything, but would cast a shadow of solid objects; these shadows could then be captured on film. Among the solid objects Roentgen shot with these rays was human tissue, the rays would penetrate the tissue, but the bones would cast a shadow, which could then be caught on film. One of Roentgen’s first experiments with X-rays was on his wife’s hand where, on the film, you could see her hand bones and her wedding ring. (1.) While the discovery of x-rays was a huge advancement in medical technology, they were not used in the medical field at first. Instead the mystical invisible rays that could penetrate solid objects were used in the industrial field.
In the radiology profession first you must write the patient’s file. This includes information about insurance, medical history, what the required x-ray is for and where it is going to be taken on the body. Writing in this way is similar to writing a small research paper. You must do research on the patients and there history and what insurance they have. Writing the report is important because the information must be accurate so the patient can be helped as much as possible. If the information about medical history is incorrect it can cause a huge problem for the patient. For example, if the patient is claustrophobic they would need to get an open room x-ray where the patient isn’t in an enclosed tube so they don’t have a panic attack and potentially injure themselves and others. It is very important to make sure the report has the correct area of where the x-ray needs to be taken. Having the wrong part of the body x-...
How does radiology help in the medical field and everyday life? In the medical they use it in dental, doctor offices, they can also use radiology when they give a live injection into the human body. How do they use radiology in everyday? When you live at the beach and water table is high you have to call someone first to come and X-ray of ground to make sure you're digging down to the water table or you digging up lines or other
For decades, the effects of radiation has been studied by doctors around the world. X-rays are used in the medical and dental field to take radiographs of certain parts of a person's body. Some have become concerned of the long term and short term effects of having x-rays taken because of the radiation that is exposed. Since the rise of concern, studies have been done to find any type of link between cancer and radiation from x-rays. Specifically, in dental x-rays, researchers have been performing studies trying to prove that radiation from x-rays in the dental office can cause cancer .
In Dentistry, Radiography (the making of radiographs by exposing an image receptor) is very common. “Radiographs and other imaging modalities are used to diagnose and monitor oral diseases, as well as monitor dentofacial development and the progress or prognosis of therapy.” (Association, 2012). Even though radiation exposure from the dental radiographs is low, the patients and the ADA (American Dental Association) believes that there are some safety tips that must be followed in order for the patient to feel comfortable with getting the radiograph every six months to a year. Modern x-ray equipment is programmed to reduce the amount of radiation. X-rays in dentistry can be performed by using digital imaging or conventional film. Digital imaging continues to develop and is being more commonly used. In this paper I am going to explain how x-rays have became safer over time, what steps dental assistants use to prevent exposure on the patient as well as the office staff, and some safety tips.
Radiation is something that the naked eye cannot see, yet has the potential to save lives one treatment at a time or even one image at a time. Since the discovery of x-rays in 1895, it has branched out into numerous modalities each independently specializing in their own ways. X rays are used to aid in the diagnosis and treatments of patients on a case by case scenario. Sometimes doctors can make a diagnosis on the same day or conclude that a patient will require radiation therapy within weeks to follow. Whatever it may be, the importance of x rays and radiation itself is a crucial part of the medical field when it comes to saving lives. Initially it all started with the discovery of x rays but then three years later radiation therapy was introduced to aid with
Being able to identify lumps, swelling, tissue damage, cysts, and the overwhelming news of the sex of a baby all have something in common, an ultrasound. Swelling of the spleen, kidney stones, blood clots, aneurysms, cancer and so much more can be identified through the works of an ultrasound’s imaging technique. Ultrasound involves many concepts, procedures, and careers. The amount of medical possibilities involved with ultrasounds is useful in major medical diagnostics. The field of ultrasounds and career opportunities are widely growing. As medical careers flourish, needs for technicians in many fields of medicine are increasing. Instead of a doctor choosing complex and risky surgery to find out problems within the body, they can now choose a safer path; the ultrasound path. Patient’s history and physical evaluation are building blocks to diagnostics but ultrasounds are much greater. They are powerful tools used to see beyond the skin into the depths of a person’s body. What ultrasounds are, what types there are, and what they are used for, and the education and careers available are the major themes found in research on the subject. Knowledge of ultrasound and its background may help one decide what career is best for them. Understanding the wide array of diagnostic tests and their uses are essential to figuring out what a career as a sonographer entails and the type of education that is needed. Because there are plenty of possibilities for specializing with different technologies, there is a wide variety of job opportunities in the medical imaging career. The call for ultrasound’s assistance opens new paths in future high-quality careers.
Neoliberal capitalism is a form of capitalism that focuses on different policies like deregulation and privatization in the pursuit and promotion of a free market. The major tenets of neoliberal capitalism is economic expansion, raising profits, and preventing the wage of workers from going up by decreasing it as much as possible through exploitation. The focus is to increase product output while increasing the rate of exploitation of proletariats by constantly seeking to replace old expensive labor with cheap new labor. Due to the fact that bosses sought to keep making productive labor as cheap as possible, it made it possible to keep profits high. This system in place makes it so that the rich (bourgeoisie) get richer and the poor (proletariat) get poorer.
Modern medicine is capable of treating a tremendous range of human disease and injuries, but the usefulness of all medical specialties depends on accurate diagnosis. Virtually every conceivable medical specialty relies on radiological technologies to provide formal diagnoses, making radiology one of the most important of all medical specialties. Radiologists enjoy some of the best working conditions in modern medicine and typically experience very positive employment conditions. Consequently, their services are generally in very high demand, with many starting out with six-figure annual incomes immediately after completion of their professional training.
Radiology technology is a science of using radiation to produce images. There are many jobs you can perform in diagnostic imaging usually a radiologic technologist will oft...
Neoliberalism has changed its meaning and definition over the years, but as of right now the Merriam Webster dictionary defines it as “a liberal who de-emphasizes traditional liberal doctrines in order to seek progress by more pragmatic methods.” This all means that the economics aspects of society are much more closed off and in favor of big businesses that tend to exploit consumers and those that work for them. It wants privatize business and allow for there to be free trade. Neoliberalism is also about reducing government involvement and reduce spending to the point where it can open up privatized sectors in the economy. Behind the Seams, Fruits of Injustice, and Maquilapolis all show the evilness of neoliberalism and what it does for
For further consideration we turn to one of the major works of neo-Marxist school - Monopoly Capital: An Essay on the American Economic and Social Order.
Before the discovery of X-rays in 1895, it was impossible to look inside human body, without causing harmful side effects. The famous quote of Anna Bertha Ludwig - “I have seen my death” is a testimony to this. In ancient times, the only way to study internal human organs was the dissection of dead bodies. Additionally, this was also subject to availability or religious beliefs. Leonardo da Vinci made 240 detailed sketches between 1510 and 1511, which were way ahead of their time. Unfortunately, it could not be published, except for a small amount in 1632. Images aide in visualization of illnesses (e.g. a malignant tumor), which are impossible to observe from outside of the body. A surgeon must know the various attributes of the tumor like location and size, before she can operate on it. Similarly an oncologist needs this information to decide the course of treatment e.g. tumor size and metabolic activity may be needed to determine the number of chemotherapy sessions. With images, all this information can be obtained without cutting open the patient. And what’s remarkable is that u...
Food insecurity is defined as a household-level socioeconomic issue where access to food is either limited or uncertain; hunger itself is an individual issue that may result from food insecurity. In America, the question of its citizens being hungry is a commonly addressed issue, but there seems to be no true change involved. The issue itself lies not in the fact that we don’t produce enough food, because we greatly overproduce, but in the fact that it is allocated to those who can afford to eat. The issue of societal classes further ties into the issue of food insecurity; the top one percent controls a majority of the country’s resources. The underlying question to food insecurity is how to solve it, and is it possible to develop a solution