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Adlerian, Cognitive-Behavioral, and Solution Focused Brief Therapy Comparative
the role of parents in adolescent development
solution focused therapy case study
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Brief therapy helps people by focusing on solutions, instead of problems. The therapist asks questions thereby facilitates the client by helping formulates solutions. The client leads the meeting by actively formulating ideas in which he/she can serve to improve the client's negative circumstances. This is contrary to cognitive therapy, which focuses on a client's cognitive processes (how he or she thinks about people/places/things). The therapist collaborates with the client to help the client develop alternative solutions. "Subsequently, a study showed solution-focused brief therapy demonstrated a small, but positive treatment effects favoring SFBT group on the outcome measures. Only the magnitude of the effect for internalizing behavior problems (such as depression, anxiety, self-concept and dignity) was statistically significant at the p<.05 level thereby indicating that the treatment effect for SFBT group is different from the treatment effect for the control group. It does not appear SFBT is as effective with externalizing behavior problem such as hyperactivity, conduct problems, aggression or with family and relationship problems. Externalizing behavior problems and family and relationship problems was statistically significant between study variance estimates in the unconditional model"(Kim, J.S., n.d.). Theoretically, the issue is that Solution- Focused Brief Therapy does not address cognitive misconceptions. Cognitive misconceptions argue that the sky is purple when the sky is literally blue. When there are significant, cognitive or behavioral problems the solutions are beneath the cognitive misconstructions. These cognitive delusions must be attended first, along with devising solutions to problems. Putatively, cogn... ... middle of paper ... ...ng. The compliments, positive affirmations, humor, positive reframing, and are all ways to handle a resistant adolescent. Parents and adolescents take an active, positive role in brief therapy by asking themselves when changes will occur. These ways of dealing with resistance in adolescents work toward the solutions kids want to break free of their emotional prisons. Works Cited Kim, J.S. PhD.(n.d.)Examining the Effectiveness of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy A Meta-Analysis Using Random Effects Modeling retrieved on 05/09/2012 at https://kb.osu.edu/dspace/bitstream/.../19_2_Johnny_S._Kim_Paper.pdf? University of Texas Austin, TX Selekman, M. D. (2005). Pathways to Change: Brief Therapy with Difficult Adolescents (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press. Retrieved May 9, 2012, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=116311700
Messer, S., & Warren, C. (1995). Models of brief psychodynamic therapy (1st ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
Whiston, S. C., Tai, W. L., Rahardja, D., & Eder, K. (2009, May 27). School Counseling Outcome: A Meta-Analytic Examination of Interventions. Lamar Library Database. Retrieved June 8, 2014, from http://web.b.ebscohost.com.libproxy.lamar.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=bf1a795d-657c-406a-83fc-99831939c79c%40sessionmgr113&vid=5&hi
...nknown. Additionally, some studies use invalid or non-standardized quantitative questionnaires. Despite these limitations, EMDR interventions have significant clinical results.
Solution focused therapy is a model of therapy developed by Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg in the late 1970's (Dolan, n.d.). This model has become well known for its non-traditional approach to client problems as it does not explore clients issues in relation to their cause and affect but rather the goals and solutions to achieving a future free of any present issues. i will be discussing the evident concepts, principles and intervention techniques of this particular model. it will be explored in the context of a case scenario of a therapy session to observe how the model can be actively applied to therapy sessions and why this is the best model to meet the client's needs. The effectiveness of the model will be highlighted by exploring its strengths and limitations in relation to effective service provision and meeting clients goals and needs. i will also examine how the model can be strengthened and enhanced when used in collaboration with the systemic family therapy model in order to minimise known limitations and increase the functioning of therapy.
The founders of solution-focused therapy, Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg, gained insight about families and relationships at the treatment center they built known as the Milwaukee Brief Family Therapy Center. They believe that parents should be actively engaged in their child’s treatment process. This is due to a parent’s imperative role in their child’s development. Until proven otherwise, parents usually want to feel proud of their child, have a positive impact on their child, and see that their child has a better future then their own (Berg & Steiner, 2003). In solution-focused therapy it is helpful to have clear understanding of what assumptions about children might be. Solution-focused therapists believe that children want to have their parents be proud of them, learn new things from their parents, and to be able to voice their opinions and choices. These assumptions about the parents and children is what helps form the therapy session (Berg & Steiner, 2003). The family is considered a unit or a system that is constantly interacting with each other. According to Berg (1994) each relationship in the family and outside the family affects the system as a whole. When working with families, the family is the system in which all parts are important and the therapists becomes part of the system the minute they are introduced (White & Klein, 2008). Lastly, it is
There may be those individuals who work better under a more structured therapy, such as CBT, and the clear identification of cause and effect from cognition and emotion towards the ensuing behavior. Cognitive therapy model encourages clients to remain in the here and now. The behavioural therapy approach may not benefit those that are not willing to explore their past and likely this model will not be successful under these circumstances. Clear guidelines for therapy are set in CBT, while goals are set for Person-Centered therapy but they are long-term without set goals for the therapeutic
For this reason, some of the brief therapies, such as strategic family therapy or solution-focused therapy, that focus on rapid change without much attention to understanding, might be more appropriate. However, I believe these brief therapies do not give clients enough time to really parse out their problem. I am wary of counseling that limits clients’ ability to tell their stories fully, which seems like just one more way of silencing people, oppressing them, and keeping them in line. In working with my clients I want to collectively understand how problem-saturated stories developed, the cultural, familial, or biological factors that might be involved, and the availability of choices. I believe that narrative therapy is the most flexible approach in this respect because although not brief, it is efficient and seems to be effective long-term, although more research is needed, which is challenging because of the subjective nature of this approach (Madigan, 2011). In my therapy practice, I want to leave clients feeling hopeful and liberated by helping them to see the problem as separate from their identities and as only one story to choose from several, and by acknowledging the contextual factors contributing to the
Solution Focused Brief Therapy is a unique approach to therapy that neither focuses on the past nor the future but on what is possible now. SFBT is a post modern approach to therapy that became popular in the 1960's and 70s based on the theory that posits small progress can lead to long term change. This approach was created by...creatorsThe clients and the counselor collaborate to establish realistic goals that can be reached in a relatively short period of time. The counselor works to create an environment where clients can be honest. SFBT believe that analyzing problems is not needed in the process of change. Behavior change is seen as an integral part of change in clients therapeutic process. Both the counselor and the client come together to create goals to incite a change in behavior.
Klotz, M. B., & Canter, A. (2007). Response to intervention (RTI): A primer for parents.
These techniques include showing concern for clients through active listening and empathy, showing respect for and confidence in clients, focusing on client’s strong points and positive traits, resources, replacing discouraging thoughts with encouraging ones, and helping clients to develop a sense of humor about life. (Watts & Pietrzak,2000,p 443) Another method, as mentioned earlier is building a strong rapport with the client. Therapists use a variety of techniques to facilitate change in the client’s behavior. Therapists help clients to choose alternative behaviors to the behaviors that are maladaptive. The next method is getting the client to change how he or she views a situation. This is done inside and outside of counseling. Through this technique a client comes to realize their abilities and strengths. Last but not least, therapists help clients draw on their resources and strengths when faced with a situation that seems troublesome. (Watts & Pietrzak,2000,p
Although, this session ended with amazing results, I feel as though I need more practice with this type of therapy. I have to continue to practice on allowing the patient to come up with their own solutions. I found it hard not giving advice to my client, because I already knew the situation. However, in the end I found myself very proud, because even though this was not a real therapy session, but the client was able to find a real solution to her problem. This experience is one that teaches the therapist restraint, it allows one to step back and listen. It also gives the client the opportunity to reach a solution themselves without someone giving them the answer to their
In today's society, individual counseling is becoming more main-stream with increased usage within the school system, family unit and even the military. The role that a counselor can have on any individual varies according to the chosen theory to practice and the approach taken. However, it must be stated that the approach and success of therapy is dependent on the relationship established by the therapist (clinician) with the client. In 2010 Seligman proposed the BETA treatment system, which stands for background, emotions, thoughts, and actions. According to Seligman, all theories are either focused on a person’s background, emotions, thoughts or their actions. For this reason, we will discuss three prominent forms of individual counseling therapy used today. The three types of therapy are Adlerian Theory, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Solution Focused Brief Therapy. The following paper will seek to introduce the key concepts, therapeutic approach, and application of various techniques, or procedures for each of these practices.
As a school counselor, it is important to be knowledgeable about children and adolescents developmental level in order to choose the appropriate intervention. Vernon (2009) mentions in the text that "counselors must also consider developmental factors in conceptualizing problems, in designing or selecting age-appropriate assessment instruments, and in developing interventions that take into account the child's developmental capabilities" (p. 5). The effect that the developmental levels have on the choice of internvention is that it depends on children and adolescents situtation in terms of physical, cognitive, social and emotional factors. When it comes to those factors, School counselors need to be mindful that children and adolescents
Emotional and behavioral disorders manifest from various sources. For some children, the core of these disorders is rooted in such factors as “family adversity...poverty, caregiving instability, maternal depression, family stress…marital discord…dysfunctional parenting patterns…abuse and neglect” (Fox, Dunlap & Cushing, 2002, p. 150). These factors are stressors that affect children both emotionally and behaviorally. Students have their educational performance and academic success impeded by such stressors once in school, which creates even more stress as they find themselves frustrated and failing. As a result, problem behaviors may manifest that can be described as disruptive, impulsive, pre-occupied, resistant to change, aggressive, intimidating, or dishonest. Such behaviors may also inflict self-harm.
“Critics of meta-analysis and the early exemplar research suggest that the problem in finding differential effectiveness of counseling approaches can be attributed to ignoring significant client factors in these studies” (Murdock, 2009 p.10). For example, counseling research provides the educational reference to improve future conditions with preceding statistics. This phase is considered trial and error and if needed, client sessions should be updated to have individualized applicability.