In the early 1900s bicycle design and manufacture had reached a point where aerodynamics was a major factor in bicycle racing. It began with these two seated bicycles that were fitted with French DeDion-Buton single-cylinder, air-cooled internal combustion engines in order to propel the cycles at regulated speeds just ahead of the racers. The pacers were complicated to operate and required two people to run: the front rider was a driver who steered the vehicle and the rear rider was an engineer who constantly adjusted the flow of fuel to the primitive carburetor in order to maintain a constant speed. Unfortunately these engines were very unreliable they would break down often because the fuel delivery of the French carburetors was so unstable. An answer to the problems came from a small-time machinist and self-taught bicycle designer/fabricator named Oscar Hedstrom. Hedstrom started modifying single-cylinder engines and carburetors for bikes and started making them more and more reliable. Hendee started working with Hedstrom and became a huge success in the New England area. This partnership soon leads to a professional business that sold motorcycles. With this being said it leads me to Motorcycle clubs. As early as 1901 bikes were being mass produced and sold to the general public. Two years later in 1903 Harley Davidson was founded and right on the rear of American Motorcycle diffusion, the formation of biker clubs and organizations. In the same year some of the earliest known clubs , the New York Motorcycle Club combined with Alpha Motorcycle Club of Brooklyn to form The Federation of American Motorcycles (FAM). In article one section two of the FAM constitution reads “[The Federation’s] objects shall be to encourage the us... ... middle of paper ... ...ere was nothing left. These other clubs on the other hand were growing and becoming abrupt. Veterans from Southeast Asia brought back information about illegal drugs and of course this got fed to biker gang because they travel, who better to transport. This led to the drug epidemic of the 1960s. The "One Percenters" started up and claimed the AMA needed back in action and began to practice in California; they also made know more intensely than before that biker gangs were separated and in a sense did not like each other. In 1964 at a bike rally 2 men charged for rape but released on account of evidence didn’t help the reputation bikers were creating. Officials started getting frustrated and making statements like “hoodlum Activities” and “a clear and present danger to local, state, and ultimately international constituencies.” These gangs just kept going downhill.
Needless to say, that experience has changed over time. It began from a simplistic design in 1904 as a motorized bike. However, as time progressed it brought about the introduction of the biker gang era. These were the bad asses image riding their heavy bikes down the highway, rebels who refused to give in to society’s pressures. It was the time of the Hell’s Angels, with their patches, long hair, and untidy beards that became the symbol of freedom on the road. They created the mantra of the bad ass dude on a bad ass American bike and no one was gonna tell him what to
As more and more immigrants began to spread throughout the US, more and more gangs of people began to emerge. Gangs were usually made up of people of a common ethnicity, whether it be Irish, Italian, or Hispanic. These gangs were usually victims of anti-immigrant policies and looked for strength in numbers. As gangs became more and more sophisticated they realized they could make profits from the power they were accumulating. One of the most recognizable examples is the bootlegging of alcohol during the Prohibition. When federal officials attempted to enforce legislation such as the Volstead Act, there was a surge of illegal sales and profits. In 1927, Al Capone and his gang racked up over $60 million from bootlegged alcohol. With all of this money came tons of violence, people were getting murdered in broad daylight just so others could have a sum of all of this wealth. Soon Mob families would own clubs or casinos to increase their wealth. The attendees weren’t only made up of rich mob bosses, the alcohol, dancing, and gambling attracted many ordinary
Overall, gangs have changed a lot in their way of doing activities, in their fashion, in their ethnic rules, and others. In my opinion, gangs have always been as brutal as it started.
Surprisingly, little has been written about the historical significance of black gangs in Los Angeles (LA). Literature and firsthand interviews with Los Angeles residents seem to point to three significant periods relevant to the development of the contemporary black gangs. The first period, which followed WWII and significant black migrations from the South, is when the first major black clubs formed. After the Watts rebellion of 1965, the second period gave way to the civil rights period of Los Angeles where blacks, including those who where former club members who became politically active for the remainder of the 1960s. By the early 1970s black street gangs began to reemerge. By 1972, the Crips were firmly established and the Bloods were beginning to organize. This period saw the rise of LA’s newest gangs, which continued to grow during the 1970s, and later formed in several other cities throughout the United States by the 1990s. While black gangs do not make up the largest or most active gang population in Los Angeles today, their influence on street gang culture nationally has been profound.
As early as the 1870’s, the American public started putting all their work and effort into the growth and development of only a few industries like the Automobile industry. The
These early unions had many names including societies, social societies and guilds. These primitive unions or guilds of carpenters, cordwainers, and cobblers made their appearance, often temporary, in cities around the east coast of colonial America. These groups of workers are a far cry from what unions are today. They mainly focused on friendship and trust between the workers and management. The first recorded form of a union was a group called the "Friendly Society of Cotton Spinners, who in 1775 instructed its members not to work below the usual price" (Smith).
There were groups such as the Black Panthers, and the US Organization, which were known to have been rivals due to false rumors that had been spread by the government and the media. Black Panthers were known to have offered a more reliable source of protection during this time than the police did for African Americans. Sloan interviews current and former gang members from a variety of gangs spread throughout Los Angeles. He gives us a different perspective on where gangs came from and why they formed. Although they were originally formed to protect African Americans, they have strayed far from where they started.
Did you know gang's first started off as a way to help stop police brutality? Some gang members are “jumped in” or have to prove their loyalty by committing criminal acts. In the 1960s many gang organizations joined the Black Panthers. The Black Panthers wanted blacks to control businesses, education, employment, and the media in their area instead of having these businesses controlled by white people. They wanted to act as a community army so they can stop police brutality and racism. The leader of this important organization was Bunchy Carter. Street gangs had completely stopped as more black empowered organizations began to form in Los Angeles. After the Black Panthers disbanded that is when street gangs began to become popular because
Gang violence has for a long time been a major issue. Now it may not be as bad as it was back in the 90’s when it really first surfaced, but gang violence is still a critical issue. A place where gang violence has really been an issue is none other than the state of California. Now, from 1988 to 1998, California was considered the “Decade of Death” as over 1000 people would die in Los Angeles per year. And that’s just Los Angeles.
Sher, Julian and Marsden, William. The road to hell: How the biker gangs are conquering Canada. Toronto: Alfred A. Knopf Canada, 2003.
The documentary, “Crips and Bloods: Made in America” talks about many social concerns. In the documentary, both discrimination and economics are the main factors for the problems in Southern California. The gangs started because of discrimination. By denying people because of their skin color to join social activities such as the boy/girl scouts is what led to the formation of groups that later turned into gangs. Apart from that, hatred and threats escalated the situations that then turned the gangs into what they are today. According to the documentary, because of the gang rivalry there exists an invisible line that separates the territories of both the Crips and the Bloods. Not only is that the only factor, but also
the elite. In the UNITED STATES at the end of the "Roaring Twenties", when the
Harley Davidson’s remarkable success and turnaround from a company nearing extinction to a business model of success (James & Graham, 2004; Johan Van & Brian, 2000; Teerlink & Ozley, 2000) is secured by the environment developed at Harley-Davidson through the organizational changes led by former CEO Rich Teerlink. Mr. Teerlink fundamentally changed the structure of Harley-Davidson from a command and control, top down leadership company to one of collaborative organizational design (Teerlink & Ozley, 2000). This paper will describe the organizational structure at Harley-Davidson, how the organizational structure evolved, evaluate how the structure responds to environmental factors, and conclude with this authors opinion on efficacy. The organizational structural change at Harley-Davidson resurrected an American icon to a global leader in motorcycle manufacturing.
Harley-Davidson, Inc. has a long-standing culture of relationship nurturing with its customers – of association with its customers on personal levels. Owing to this, customers look at Harley-Davidson as not only a company, but as also a family to whom they owe their loyalty. Harley-Davidson is an example of a company which has a loyal (brand) following and its customers aid in future sales via marketing based on the consumer. The company has been doing business since 1903; according to its website, “Four young men experimented with internal combustion in a tiny wooden shed. Not only did the shed not burn, but the motorcycle they built went on to serve over 100,000 miles” (Harley Davidson, n.d., p.1). William S. Harley in 1901 came up with a blueprint of a motor for fitting a bicycle. Arthur Davidson later joined him, and they then built the 1st Harley-Davidson motorcycle.
Harley Davidson has surpassed 100 years and continues to grow and move forward. As a company that started in 1903, Harley Davidson has become an icon of American motorcycles. Harley Davidson’s ideals of freedom and self-expression have transcended cultures, gender, and age (www.harley-davidson.com). The company has the purpose of fulfilling dreams of personal freedom of individuals which has translated into a very well-known brand and culture.