Symbol: Ca
From the Latin calx which means lime. It was used as a building material as far back as 7000 to 14000 BC.
Determine when and how this metal was discovered (and, if possible, who discovered this metal).
This metal was discovered in Khafajah Mesopotamia; around 2500 BC (first kiln date). The Ancient Romans prepared lime as calcium oxide. However this could not be the first scientific date of discovery; this is because it was not discovered, isolated and named. An English scientist named Humphry Davy was the first person to isolate calcium, this was done in 1808 by mixing mercuric oxide and lime; he then performed an electrolysis of the mixture. Davy then used electrolysis to isolate substances including barium, magnesium and strontium.
Research the properties of the metal, its relative abundance in the Earth and the ways this metal can be used.
Calcium is a solid, with a melting point of 〖842〗^0C. The boiling point of Calcium is 〖1484〗^0C. It is a shiny, soft substance. The estimated crustal abundance of Calcium is 4.15*〖10〗^4milligrams per kilogram. The estimated oceanic abundance of Calcium is4.12*〖10〗^2. This metal can be used to remove oxygen, sulphur, and carbon from certain alloys. Since calcium has a high reactivity with common materials it is rarely used as a metal. Calcium metal is used as a reducing agent in preparing other metals such as thorium and uranium. Calcium is also used in a compound mixture of calcium carbonate; used as a building material (limestone).
You must include why and how the metal is extracted.
Calcium is extracted through electrolysis (2CaO ----- > 2Ca + O2). This produces 98.6% purity, which can further be extracted to 99.5% through subliming. Once it is extracted it forms into a n...
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...cium carbonate. Calcium chloride is also a byproduct in the Solway process used to make sodium carbonate.
CaCO3 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + H2O + CO2
Alternatively, and on small scale, calcium can be made through the reduction of CaO with aluminium or of CaCl2 with sodium metal
6CaO + 2Al→ 3Ca + Ca3Al2O6
CaCl2 + 2Na→ Ca + 2NaCl
Bibliography
References
Lenntech.com, (2014). Calcium (Ca) - Chemical properties, Health and Environmental effects. [online] Available at: http://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/ca.htm [Accessed 13 May. 2014].
News-medical.net, (2014). Uses of Calcium. [online] Available at: http://www.news-medical.net/health/Uses-of-Calcium.aspx [Accessed 13 May. 2014].
Webelements.com, (2014). WebElements Periodic Table of the Elements | Calcium | uses. [online] Available at: https://www.webelements.com/calcium/uses.html [Accessed 13 May. 2014].
The purpose for this experiment was to determine why it was not possible to obtain a high percent yield when Calcium Nitrate Ca(〖NO_3)〗_2 with a concentration of 0.101 M was mixed with Potassium Iodate KIO_3 with concentration of 0.100 M at varying volumes yielding Calcium Iodate precipitate and Potassium Nitrate. Filtration was used to filter the precipitates of the solutions. The percent yield for solution 1 was 87.7%, and the percent yield for solution 2 was 70.8%. It was not possible to obtain a high percent yield because Calcium Iodate is not completely soluble and some of the precipitates might have been rinsed back to the filtrates when ethanol was used to remove water molecules in the precipitate.
Aluminum is the third most abundant element and most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust. Aluminum is never found in the free element state in nature. It
Calcium Chloride is ideal for snow removal because it can be used when temperatures are as low as -13° F and gets hot once it touches the pavement, which is why it is an instant melting solution (Riebel, 2014). Calcium Chloride is not only ideal for melting snow, but is also useful for fertilizer for plants since it contains micronutrients that allow plants to grow and develop. Calcium Chloride contains nutrients that are used in photosynthesis that plants get from the soil and helps plants strengthen and thicken their cell walls. If calcium chloride is not present, plants can have weak stems and flowers can shed off quickly (Miller n.d.). Calcium Chloride is also sprayed on fruit and trees to prevent calcium deficiency that causes diseases if not treated (Bogemans, Neirinckx, and Stassart, 1989). Overall, calcium chloride is very useful for snow removal, as well as plant growth and
CaCl2 + H2O + CO2
Thallium was discovered by Sir William Crookes in 1861, in London. In 1850 Crookes had been given a deposit containing selenium from a sulfuric acid factory in Tilkerode. Crookes extracted the selenium and was left with residues which appeared to contain tellurium. Crookes named thallium after the Greek word ‘thallos’ which means a green shoot or twig, in reference to the unique green spectral line which identifies the element in its emission spectra.
Potassium is a solid silvery white element. It is soft and can be cut with a knife. Potassium is the least dense known metal, besides lithium. It is the seventh most abundant element. It makes up about 1.5% by weight of the earth's crust. It decomposes in water because of the hydrogen. It usually catches fire during reaction with water.
Radium is the 88th element on the periodic table, its family group is Alkaline Earth Metal. Radium is a chemical element with symbol Ra. Pure radium metal is bright white when freshly prepared, but blackens once it is exposure to air. Radium has been used to produce neutron sources, luminous paints, and medical radioisotopes. Marie Curie is known to be the mother of science, due to Marie several discoveries, Mrs. Curie made up most of the Earth metals in the periodic table. Marie discovered Radium and other key elements, which help us in our daily lives, especially taking x-rays. Marie was also the first person honored with two Nobel Prizes in both physics and chemistry.
Sodium was founded in 1807 by an English Chemist named Sir Humphrey Davy (Bentor). It was found through the electrolysis of caustic soda (The Element). This means that he found a way to extract sodium from compounds (Newton). First Sir Humphrey Davy would extract a number of active elements and then pa...
Chemistry is used in everyday life, whether it is known or not. As students, it is crucial to know how elements contribute to everyday life. Some elements are useful, while others are deadly. Calcium is one of those elements. It is vital to appreciate how it was discovered and what its properties are. It is also necessary to know what others have researched about calcium. Finally, all this knowledge would be nothing without the benefits of calcium.
In 1817, an aging Swedish chemist was pouring over his work on a late afternoon in Stockholm, Sweden. He was analyzing a strange ore named Petalite that had been procured from an island off the coast of Sweden called Utö. The ore Petalite (which is now recognized to be LiAl(Si2O5)2) had been discovered by a Brazilian scientist, José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva towards the end of the 18th century on a visit to Sweden. This Swedish scientist, Johann August Arfvedson, detected traces of an unknown substance in his sample of Petalite. This was the first discovery of Lithium.
Not only is calcium usable in the lactic form found in dairy products, but in forms such as calcium citrate and calcium carbonate (Calcium Supplement Guidelines). These two sources are the most common types of calcium found as supplements, and are usually in the form of a pill. Calcium citrate contains by mass 21 percent calcium, while calcium carbonate contains by mass 40 percent calcium. Calcium Carbonate can be found naturally in sources such as bone-meal, oyster shell, and dolomite, but these are all capable of containing toxins such as lead or mercury and should be avoided (Got Calcium?). Even when being careful to avoid such sources it is still important to check for a United States Pharmacopeia symbol to ensure purity of the source. When used to a source such as milk this may seem like extra work but it prevents toxins and other unnecessary ingredients from being accidentally ingested.
Now, this rare element has many interesting attributes that are unlike other elements. Rhodium is a silver and white metallic color with
I will not add a catalyst to my solution and I will not stir my solution. · I will use 25cm3 of hydrochloric acid. · I will use 1g of calcium carbonate.
Sir Humphry Davy discovered potassium in 1807 in England, by isolating it using electrolysis. Potassium was the first metal to be isolated by using electrolysis. The name potassium originated from the English word "potash" meaning pot ashes and the Arabic word "qali" meaning alkali. This was because potassium was originally obtained by soaking wood ashes in water and then evaporating the mixture in an iron pot. The origin of the elements symbol “K” comes from the Latin word "kalium" meaning potassium. Potassium used to be called kalium, so the element symbol is 'K'.
Lime-soda ash is used to remove the carbonate hardness by precipitation. It does not completely remove the hardness however it is effective in reducing it. It is effective if used to soften temporary hardness. To remove the calcium bicarbonate from the water slaked lime is used. By reacting with the calcium bicarbonate it forms a soluble calcium carbonate, which is then removed by filtering. However a restriction of using lime-soda ash is that it will not work on a lab scale experiment. “An additional deterrent to home use of the lime-soda ash treatment is the size of the equipment necessary, together with the high cost of this method of treatment.” (Lime-Soda Ash Water Treatment Method)