Fluid Dynamics is a subject that is well over 2,000 years old. Archimedes, da Vinci, Galileo and Newton are all classical forerunners of modern fluid dynamics researchers such as Bernoulli and Euler (Anderson 42). However, until the early 19th century, this subject was not well quantified; instead, textbooks were comprised of endless tables and figures demonstrating phenomena. When Daniel Bernoulli, Claude Navier and George Stokes introduced mathematics to the realm of fluid flow, new research was possible, but this work was highly theoretical and required extensive use of differential equations (Eckert 15). Ludwig Prandtl was the man who quantified many fluid flow principles and created his own theories about boundary separation and airfoil dynamics. Ludwig Prandtl was born in Freising, Bavaria on February 4, 1875. An only child, Prandtl often followed closely to his father due to his mother’s “protracted illness” (Anderson 46). His father was an engineering professor and was said to have continually motivated Ludwig to look beyond observations to discover the natural principles at work. Regardless of his motivation, Prandtl attended the Technische Hochschule in Munich, Germany, and he eventually graduated with a Ph.D. from the University of Munich under adviser August Foppl (Anderson 46). After a few years in industry and three years as a professor of mechanics at the technical school in Hanover, Prandtl accepted a position at the University of Göttingen in 1904. By 1898, both of his parents had died, and in 1909, he married Gertrude Foppl, the daughter of his academic adviser (Anderson 47). The event which launched Prandtl into the limelight of fluid dynamics was the delivery of his paper “Ueber Flussigkeitsbewe... ... middle of paper ... ...Commission. Web. 29 Mar 2011. . "Ludwig Prandtl “Father of Modern Aerodynamics.”" DLR (German Aersospace Center). 2/9/2007. Web. 29 Mar 2011. 2565/4432_read-7449/>. Prandtl, Ludwig. Essentials of Fluid Dynamics. Translated. New York: Hafner Publishing Company, 1952. 106-136. Print. Wikipedia contributors. "Adolf Busemann." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 3 Oct. 2010. Web. 30 Mar. 2011. Wikipedia contributors. "Michael Max Munk." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 19 Nov. 2010. Web. 30 Mar. 2011. Wikipedia contributors. "Theodore von Kármán." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 19 Mar. 2011. Web. 30 Mar. 2011.
“Theology is the esoteric thought of the Church.” (WR 15) What is meant by this is that theology is a part of the Church that is very mysterious and confusing to most laymen. Rauschenbusch has introduced many new ideas into the theological point of view. Rauschenbusch tries to explain that the social gospel is here to help people pull more from theology than just jargon that they don’t understand. One of Rauschenbuch’s main points throughout his book A Theology for the Social Gospel is that man uses the thought of Adam being responsible for original sin and therefore everyone is born into sin. Jonathan Kozol, the author of Amazing Grace, went to the impoverished city of Mott Haven to observe the motivation of the citizens amidst a town where sin is around every street corner. He examined the meaning of life and the little opportunity the citizens of Mott Haven had to escape their unfortunate circumstances. Through Walter Rauschenbusch’s A Theology for the Social Gospel one can find the answers to the questions of sin and the heavy presence of sin. The excuse of using Adam as a reason to rid men of their responsibilities is one of the biggest mistakes theologians make, but Rauschenbusch has tried to set things straight by pointing out that those sinful behaviors are learned through your lifestyle and surroundings.
In 1678, Pachelbel obtained the first of the two important positions he was to hold
In classical fluid dynamics, the Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible viscous fluids and its special (limiting) case the Euler equations for inviscid fluids are sets of non-linear partial differential equations that describes the spatiotemporal evolution of a fluid (gas). Both equations are derived from conservative principles and they model the behavior of some macroscopic variables namely: mass density, velocity and temperature.
Sir Isaac Newton, the man that helped people figure out why things move and how they move, had a very interesting life. In the beginning of his early life, he dealt with hardships, and progressed to be an extremely inspiring man later in his life. In college he had many breakthroughs with his scientific works, including the laws of physics that we still use today. His life has answered many of people’s scientific questions that are still being asked today in physics’ classrooms all around the world. His discoveries have helped people for over 350 years to know and understand why things move the way they move, and stop the way they stop. Newton’s works comprise of the Principia and many other important publishing’s that he started when he was just in college. Newton’s life was full of discoveries, from his life as a minor to the years later in his life when he became an important individual in the government and changed the world, as we know it today.
Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) developed his interest in philosophy while studying aeronautical engineering at Manchester University. This interest was in the philosophy of pure mathematics and ultimately led him to Gottlob Frege, who advised him to go to Cambridge and study with Bertand Russell, in 1911 (Biletzki & Matar, 2011). This was the inception of Wittgenstein’s early philosophy, which lasted from 1911 – 1921. He joined the Austrian army at the start of World War I and was eventually taken captive in 1917. During his time in captivity at a prison camp, he wrote his first important work, Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.
One of Diesel’s professors in Munich was Carl von Linde. Diesel was unable to be graduated with his class in July 1879 because he fell ill with typhoid. While waiting for the next examination date, he gained practical engineering experience at the Sulzer Brothers Machine Works in Winterthur, Switzerland. Diesel was graduated in January 1880 with academic honors and returne...
Throughout the mid-eighteen hundreds, the Metis and First Nations people saw a lot of changes due to the increased numbers of White settlements. Throughout their struggles, one Metis man stood up in defense of his people and land. This is a story of the life of Louis Riel, the man who changed it all. His background, his roots, his history.
...st important scientists in history. It is said that they both shaped the sciences and mathematics that we use and study today. Euclid’s postulates and Archimedes’ calculus are both important fundamentals and tools in mathematics, while discoveries, such Archimedes’ method of using water to measure the volume of an irregularly shaped object, helped shaped all of today’s physics and scientific principles. It is for these reasons that they are remembered for their contributions to the world of mathematics and sciences today, and will continue to be remembered for years to come.
Two years later, Wernher enrolled at the Berlin Institute of Technology. He received his bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering two years later. Not long after, Wernher was offered a grant to research liquid-fueled rocket engines. And in 1934, Wernher von Braun received his Ph.D. in physics from the University of Berlin.
Born in the Netherlands, Daniel Bernoulli was one of the most well-known Bernoulli mathematicians. He contributed plenty to mathematics and advanced it, ahead of its time. His father, Johann, made him study medicine at first, as there was little money in mathematics, but eventually, Johann gave in and tutored Daniel in mathematics. Johann treated his son’s desire to lea...
Today, calculus is one of the most significant scientific tool used in modern times. Calculus itself is defined as the study of how things change; it provides a framework for modeling systems in which there is change, and a way to deduce the predictions of such models. Its applications are implemented in science, economics and engineering. However, one of the greatest scientific discoveries warrants one of the greatest scientific debates, as to who actually is credited with the invention of this invaluable tool.
In 1895, Einstein thought himself ready to take the entrance examination for the Eldgenossiche Technische Hochschule (ETH: Swiss Federal Polytechnic School, or Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), where he planned to major in electrical engineering. When he failed that examination, Einstein enrolled at a Swiss cantonal high school in Aarau. He found the more democratic style of instruction at Aarau much more enjoyable than his experience in Munich and soon began to make rapid pro...
Of all the scientists to emerge from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries there is one whose name is known by almost all living people. While most of these do not understand this mans work, everyone knows that his impact on the world is astonishing.
The foundations of fluid mechanics really crystallized in the 18th century. One of the more famous scientists, Daniel Bernoulli (1700–1782, Dutch-Swiss), point...
Fuchs was regarded favorably by those around him in the Manhattan Project. Few, if any, suspected that the brilliant and unassuming man could be a spy. Lilli Hornig, a female scientist, thought that “Fuchs was a very good physicist and made great contributions… He was a brilliant guy,” and even though Fuchs “was a person who was clearly not very open… it certainly never occurred to us in our wildest dreams that he was a spy.” Laura Fermi, a core scientist’s wife, described how “we all thought him pleasant and knew nothing about him.” Hans Bethe, a fellow scientist, called Fuchs “one of the most valuable men in my division” who was liked by everyone. Bethe said of Fuchs that “he worked days and nights… he contributed very greatly to the success