As Protestant refugees fled from the Irish rebellion of 1641 and made their way to Dublin for protection, a commission was set up to take their statements. These statements were then called the ‘1641 depositions’. The original depositions are housed in Trinity College, Dublin and have been transcribed, catalogued and made available online. This resource provides an opportunity to reassess the rebellion; not only on its nature, but also with regards the plantations and interaction of settlers, and the social, cultural, political and economic landscape of the era. While it was customary to think that the rebellion of 1641 was a reaction to the Ulster Plantation, or ‘a straightforward tale of conflict between protestant and catholic’, wider research has now proved these explanations to be oversimplified. There are also varying views on the involvement of the Lords and gentry of the Pale in the rebellion. Initially, this essay will briefly explore some of the background events which led to the rebellion. However, the primary concern will be to trace the outbreak and development of rebellion in county Louth, by using the depositions as a primary source. This will also include an analysis of the involvement of the Lords and gentry of Louth in the rebellion. Other primary and secondary sources will also be examined to support this analysis.
Louth had long been a region of the Pale, and most of the land was in tenure of the Anglo-Normans, or English who were ‘the older strata of colonists, who had remained Catholic’. Nonetheless, they were royalists and had ‘stood for the Crown in all previous rebellions’. However, in the rebellion of 1641, many of the Lords, landed gentry and even the High Sheriff of Louth joined the rebel forces...
... middle of paper ...
....
A letter of Sir Henry Tichborne, in Sir John Temple, The Irish rebellion, p. 179
D’Alton, The History of Drogheda and its Environs, p. 240.
D’Alton, The History of Drogheda and its Environs, pp 243-45.
D’Alton, The History of Drogheda and its Environs, pp 246-47.
Anon, ‘A glorious victory, obtained by S. Henry Tichbourne, and Captaine Marroe over therebels, at a place called Dundalke neere Dublin’, p. 1 (Printed at London: for John Wright, 1642.) Wing (2nd ed.) / G869, Thomason / 25:E.143[9] British Library, Source: EEBO Document Images, pp 1-2.
D’Alton, The History of Drogheda and its Environs, p. 253
D’Alton, The History of Drogheda and its Environs, p. 254.
D’Alton, The History of Drogheda and its Environs, pp 254-55.
D’Alton, The History of Drogheda and its Environs, pp 254-55.
D’Alton, The History of Drogheda and its Environs, pp 254-55.
In The Voices of Morebath: Reformation and Rebellion in an English Village, renowned scholar Eamonn Duffy investigates the English Reformation. Duffy pears through the eyes of the priest of a small, remote village in Southwestern England. Using Sir Christopher Trichay’s records of the parish, Duffy illustrates an image of Reformation opposite of what is predominantly assumed. Duffy argues the transformation that took place between 1530 and 1570, through the transition of four monarchs, was much more gradual that many interpret. Even though state mandate religious change affected the community of Morebath, the change did not ensue the violence that is often construed with the Reformation. Sir Christopher Trichay’s leadership and his portrayal of community life, the development and removal of St. Sidwell, and the participation in the church through stores develop Duffy’s argument of appeasement rather than violence during the English Reformation.
Barron, W.R.J., trans. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.. New York: Manchester University Press, 1974.
The Act of Union in 1800 was a significant factor to the nature of Irish nationalism in 1800. Prior to the Act, the society of the united Irishmen, a republican society who wanted parliamentary reform and Catholic Emancipation, fought, under the leadership of Robert Emmet, with physical force for their complete independence. Because of their military strand they differed from their predecessors the ‘Protestant Patriots’, this is because the society was heavily influenced by revolutionary events in France and New America in the late 18th century. The rebellion, although unsuccessful, with its leader imprisoned, had major consequential effects; which was the passing of the Act of Union in 1800. The Act set the tone for the rest of Irish history; once emancipation failed to materialize directly after the union, the Catholic issue began to dominate both Irish and English politics.
Anonymous, “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight” in The Norton Anthology of English Literature, eds. Abrams, et al. (New York: Norton, 1993), 200.
Kelly, James and Martyn J. Powell , Clubs and Societies in Eighteenth-Century Ireland, Dublin, 2010
Throughout the seventeenth century, Europe was in a state of crisis. In many countries, violent revolts and riots were not out of the ordinary. In most of these cases of violence, human behaviors and actions of the controlling governments and royalty authorities were the underlying factors that set the stage for the chaotic state. However, in all of the instances of revolt and anarchy seen throughout Europe, religious behaviors and influences were the most prominent and contributing cause that sparked the most violence in the general crisis during the 1600’s.
The Rise in Political Power of 17th Century England and France In the seventeenth century, the political power of the Parliament in England, and the Monarchy in France increased greatly. These conditions were inspired by three major changes: the aftermath of the reformation, the need for an increased governmental financing, and the reorganizing of central governments. These three points were each resolved in a different way in both England and in France. The first major point which eventually increased political power was
O'Connor, Thomas H. The Boston Irish: A Political History. Boston, MA. Northeastern University Press, 1995.
It is mentioned in the journal, “The Demographic Factor in Ireland’s Movement towards Partition(1607-1921)” ...
Ann Charters. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, a 2011 book. 1629 - 1631. Print. The.
Gray, Peter. Famine, Land, and Politics: British Government and Irish Society. Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 1999.
In the same year A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man was published, between 1000 and 1500 Irish patriots tried to capture the town of Dublin on Easter Day. The Easter Rising, as it was called, led to the death of approximately 1000 Irishmen and 500 Britons. Of the 1000 Irishmen, many were women and children, while of the 500 Britons; all were either soldiers or policemen. The Easter Rising was not a spontaneous ev...
On the 14th of September in the year 1607 the Earl of Tyrone Hugh O’Neill and the Earl of Tyrconnel Rory O’Donnell fled Ireland alongside officials, their families and numerous Gaelic chieftains. They left Ireland from Rathmullen in County Donegal. This flee was to become known as the flight of the Earls. They arrived in the Spanish Netherlands and then eventually made their way to Rome. The Flight of the Earls led to the most drastic form of the British government’s policy of plantation in Ireland. The Flight of the Earls has remained as one of the most memorable events in the history of Ireland. But what exactly were the reasons for the Flight of the Earls? The causes have been debated by historians with different interpretations as to why they fled but it is clear that the influence of the Earls in Ireland have been diminished greatly in the years prior to the Flight of the Earls. This essay seeks to clarify the reasons for the decline in power of the Earls in Ireland through exploration of the solidification of British rule in Ireland, along with key events in the years prior to the Flight of the Earls such as Hugh O’Neill’s campaign and onto the nine years war and the Battle of Kinsale and the Treaty of Mellifont after the Battle of Kinsale.
One of the most closely watched and widely debated conflict of our time is the one occurring In Northern Ireland. It has been a hot debate for over a century now, yet the root of the conflict is still unclear. There have been many theories over time, yet none have been able to adequately describe what is really happening on the matter. This conflict is divided by many lines; ethnically between the Irish and the British, and religiously by the Catholics and Protestant denominations.
To undertake a full thematic investigation of this period would be very much beyond the scope of this paper. Thus, the essay will embark on a high level chronological interpretation of some of the defining events and protagonists, which influenced the early modernization of Ireland during the period 1534-1750. The main focus of the paper will concentrating on the impact and supervision of the Tudor dynasty. Firstly, the essay will endeavour to gain an understanding as to what contemporary historians accept as being the concept of modernization during this time period. The paper will then continue by examine the incumbent societal and political structure of Ireland prior to the Tudor conquests. This will have the impact of highlight the modernising effects produced by the subsequent attempts by the Tudors to consolidate and centralise power in the hands of the State. Once more, due to the vast nature of the time period, not every modernizing effect can be examined. Therefore, the paper will concentrate on the modernization of the political landscape, land ownership and the impact this had on the geographic construct of the island.