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Realization and reflection about personal development
The relationship between Thoreau and Emerson
Realization and reflection about personal development
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In an era of national renaissance and reformation, the United States was evolving into a country that respected the value and potential of the individual. Activism spread like wildfire as citizens fought for rights to freedom and equality for everyone. But while Americans viewed reform as a team-effort, a new philosophy was emerging that introduced a different perspective. Transcendentalism was founded in 1836 by a group of like-minded thinkers who saw the individual’s capacity to improve and transcend beyond the customs of society; among this collection of intellectuals were authors such as Henry David Thoreau and Walt Whitman; but at the center of it all was “the prophet of self-reliance and individualism,” Ralph Waldo Emerson (“Emerson and the Transcendentalists” 60; Park 491). Emerson believed that, in order for their generation to successfully reform, Americans needed to stop idolizing past generations as …show more content…
As a Transcendentalist, Emerson strongly believed the mind is active and can evolve; therefore, anything that hinders the mind from reaching its potential is a hazard to avoid. In order for the mind to transcend, it cannot be tied down by conformity or consistency. Emerson uses a metaphor of dragging around the heavy “corpse” of memory to show that humans would rather be weighted down by former traditions and beliefs than to publicly contradict themselves (274). Emerson explains that all great men of history contradicted themselves and were misunderstood by society; they were “countercultural and socially destructive” because their minds were inconsistent and unpredictable (Emerson 274; Park 490). Emerson illustrates how consistency and fear of contradiction are a heavy burden to the Transcendentalist ideal of constant introspection and evolution of thought; therefore, in order for the mind to develop and transcend, one must fearlessly abandon past philosophies and
“If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer. Let him step to the music which he hears, however measured or far away” (Thoreau 385). Thinking for ourselves is very important. Transcendentalism values individuality, and not doing what others tell you. In the movie Dead Poets Society, the new English teacher, Mr. Keating, teaches a group of boysthe boys the true value of their identity, and believing what they want to believe. Dead Poets Society,through Mr. Keating and Neil Perry, represents Thoreau’s ideas of nonconformity or going against society, discussed in Walden,.
Two men, similar in their transcendentalist beliefs and yet so different in their methods of expressing their beliefs on handling the issues of society, were major voices in the anti-slavery movement. While their focuses are more on the subjects of morality and individual choice, they still reflect on how slavery should be addressed by the American people, American referring to the free whites who actually make the decisions. Ralph Waldo Emerson is highly regarded for his views on Transcendentalism during what some of deemed the “American Renaissance.” Emerson establishes his place in history by expressing his liberal agenda through his beliefs that truth is based on intuition and law should be based on individual reflection. He believes that the only way one could truly learn about life is by ignoring knowledge from outside sources and relying on one’s internal voice; he incorporates this belief into the convincing rhetoric of “Last of the Anti-Slavery Lectures.” While Emerson asserts his views on self reliance, he is really trying to sway the views of his audience. This makes us ask the question: Is he really right, or is he only convincing us that he is right? Henry David Thoreau, however, serves as both a complement and a foil for Emerson; while he also expresses his transcendental beliefs, he converges on a split between these beliefs and reason. He articulates his ideas in “Slavery in Massachusetts,” a piece that illustrates how Thoreau separates himself from his own state because of his “contempt for her courts” (1991). While some would argue that Thoreau is somewhat of a better writer than Emerson, it cannot be denied that one cannot reach...
Ralph Waldo Emerson was the foremost pioneer of Transcendentalism. As many of the Transcendentalists, he wrote about what it was to be an individual. Transcendentalism is exactly the opposite of the aphorism “go with the flow”, which can be heard regularly in our modern vernacular. This is exactly what the Emerson and other Transcendentalists sought to exterminate: the idea that...
The 1830s was a time of serious religious conflict. Many people, especially authors, had different opinions on how to find true spirituality. In the end, authors in America created Transcendentalism. Transcendentalism is a philosophical and literary movement that searches for individual truth through spiritual reflection, complete solitude, and a deep connection with nature. Because this was established by authors, many of them wrote different pieces reflecting and using the beliefs of Transcendentalism. Ralph Waldo Emerson was considered to be the father of Transcendentalism. He wrote many influential pieces that follow and emphasize major Transcendental beliefs. The major beliefs include the over-soul, nature, and senses. In addition to those, there are minor beliefs and overall ways of living. These beliefs were included in Transcendental pieces as a general way to share the belief and to create a movement. Due to the use of nature, senses, and the over-soul as its three core Transcendental beliefs, Ralph Waldo Emerson’s “Nature” successfully explain the fundamentals of Transcendentalism.
In his essay Nature, Waldo Emerson expresses most of his ideas about Transcendentalism movement. He has a strong belief that people should go back to solitude and unite with nature as “In the woods we return to reason and faith”(217). He considers that making a strong bond with nature we “become a transparent eye-ball”(217) and “part or particle of God”(217). Even though the wild woods seem to be a salvation for the society and whole humanity, he truly thinks that ”…few adult persons can see nature. Most persons do not see the sun. At least they have a superficial seeing”(216).
In the nineteenth century there are several schools of thought that are emerging, struggling to be recognized. Of these schools there are transcendentalists. A transcendentalist that can be pointed out as a great author is named Ralph Waldo Emerson. In the time period of the 1840’s Emerson is accredited with the Transcendental movement. Emerson is acknowledged as “one of the most influential figures of the nineteenth century” (274). Emerson is an American essayist and poet. He published numerous pieces of work which portions of them were at a moment in time when he was going through a great deal of pain. Most critics refer to Ralph Waldo Emerson as one of the most significant American writers of the nineteenth century, but are having difficulty deciphering which one of his creations earn the most interest. As time goes by, he continues to write incredible literary collections that are well recognized by his contemporaries. All of these conceptions have exposed an intellect of great uniqueness. They were critiqued by several authors that provided insight to the meaning behind the words. Emerson’s most talked about and most critiqued works include Nature, The American Scholar and The Divinity School of Address.
American society has appeared to have an obscure affinity for progressive, ideals, thoughts and morals, an affinity whose roots can be seen in all aspects of our society today. That hunger to change, to own the “best of the best” is evolving into the idea of perfectionism. Perhaps, it is due to this obsession with originality that prompts us to show who and what we truly are. The perception for individualism gave birth to prominent authors namely Thoreau and Emerson peacefully rebelling against societies ways with the art of literature and thought. Two distinguished authors created this legacy of transcendentalism-- believing in the idea of “free spirit” and the inherent goodness of both people and nature.
Transcendentalism was a movement in philosophy, literature, and religion that emerged and was popular in the nineteenth century New England because of a need to redefine man and his place in the world in response to a new and changing society. The industrial revolution, universities, westward expansion, urbanization and immigration all made the life in a city like Boston full of novelty and turbulence. Transcendentalism was a reaction to an impoverishment of religion and mechanization of consciousness of eighteenth century rational doctrines that ceased to be satisfying. After the success of the American Revolution and the Industrial Revolution, an American man emerged confident and energetic. However, with the release of nervous energy, an American was forced to look at a different angle at his place in the world and society.
An influential literary movement in the nineteenth century, transcendentalism placed an emphasis on the wonder of nature and its deep connection to the divine. As the two most prominent figures in the transcendentalist movement, Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau whole-heartedly embraced these principles. In their essays “Self-Reliance” and “Civil Disobedience”, Emerson and Thoreau, respectively, argue for individuality and personal expression in different manners. In “Self-Reliance”, Emerson calls for individuals to speak their minds and resist societal conformity, while in “Civil Disobedience” Thoreau urged Americans to publicly state their opinions in order to improve their own government.
Because decades have past since America’s independence from Britain, certain people, lead by Emerson, believed that it was time for a unique style that was created in America, as to not blindly follow other countries. This idea becomes one of the key points in transcendentalism; the idea of not conforming to society and to use intuition and rationality to make their own choices without fear of others. However, as shown above in the short fictional story that is based on true facts, one can see that Thoreau was not the type of man that fit in with the traditional definitions of transcendentalism. Because it is hard to define transcendentalism, as it could be interpreted in different ways, this leads to a discrepancy between the original creators of transcendentalism and the following generations that have been labeled by society as transcendentalists. In these ranks include Thoreau, a social reformer firmly against many of the ideals held by the
Ralph Waldo Emerson is considered the Father of Transcendentalism because he first introduced the idea of a simplistic and intuitive way of life. He claims, “Whoso would be a man must be a nonconformist . . . Nothing is at least sacred but the integrity of your own mind” (“Self-Reliance” 392). Nonconformity is an essential part of Emerson’s definition of a transcendentalist. To be able to live a truly boundless and accomplished life, one must not fall into the daily, busy life of society. He or she must stand out and follow their intuition, even it is not considered the norm. The only way to be content is to trust one’s instinct, not be jaded by the pressures society.
Transcendentalism is a major concept that originated in New England from 1836 to 1855. It is the idea that people have knowledge about themselves that rises above or goes beyond the five senses. The man credited with leading this revolutionary movement was Ralph Waldo Emerson. He was born in Boston, and used his experience at Harvard and as a Unitarian Reverend to help start this revolution. He eventually would come to the conclusion that the individual is more morally just than religion. He started this shift with his book Nature, which he published in 1836. Nature was a collection of papers, an essay that read like a disjointed nightmare would. This revolution has translated into modern society; however, there are still many aspects of
Emerson and other Transcendentalists believed that this knowledge is a “Gift of God” and enough for an individual to build his own opinion but a man “shall be forced to take with shame his own opinion from another [citizen] (pg.55)”.
I will, in the following, discuss the theme of self-reliance in the above-mentioned texts. But what exactly is self-reliance? In his 1841 publication called Essays, Ralph Waldo Emerson includes an essay simply entitled Self-Reliance in which he states "Trust thyself…Great men have always done so and confided themselves childlike to the genius of their age…" . Self-reliance is thus defined as the ability to be your own master and to seek your own fortune free from influences from your surroundings.
The overall concept of Transcendentalism may emerge as unconvincing, and rather abstract. However, upon such further readings and thorough analysis, most individuals may come to find that the ideas, although originally appear abstruse, are in actuality, works of pure radiance. Transcendentalists Emerson, and Thoreau searched into the unfathomable elements of