Case Study Michael Hanson is a 77-year-old Caucasian male with a 60 year history of smoking. He has severe hypertension and benign prostatic hypertrophy. He has been prescribed Prazosin (Minipress) starting with 1 mg at bedtime and then increasing the dose to 10 mg BID in 2 weeks. Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacotherapeutics The mechanism of action for Alpha 1 Antagonists is to inhibit postsynaptic alpha-adrenergic receptors which causes vasodilation of vessels and in turn causes an overall decrease in blood pressure and peripheral resistance (Prazosin Lexicomp, 2015). The primary purpose of this drug or drug class is to treat hypertension but off label uses include use with regards to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) related sleep disturbances as a sleep aid, as well as treatment of Raynaud’s disease (Prazosin Lexicomp, 2015). Prazosin (Minipress) is an oral medication and is highly protein binding at 97% of molecules that bind to receptors after dosing (Prazosin Lexicomp, 2015). This alpha 1 antagonist is metabolized in the liver and has immediate bioavailability at 60-86% of the drug left to bind after first pass metabolism in the liver (Prazosin Lexicomp, 2015). Prazosin (Minipress) has a half-life of 2-3 hours …show more content…
Severe adverse effects that have been reported in 5% or more patients taking the Prazosin (Minipress) include: heart palpitations, dizziness, headache, drowsiness, decreased energy, weakness and nausea (Prazosin Lexicomp, 2015). Other adverse effects that were not as common include: edema, orthostatic hypotension, syncope, exacerbation of existing mental depression, dysphoria, nervousness, vertigo, constipation, liver toxicity, diarrhea, vomiting, urinary frequency, blurred vision, reddened sclera, dyspnea, epistasis and nasal congestion (Prazosin Lexicomp,
Ace Inhibitors are used to treat hypertension and congestive heart failure (CHF). Most of the drugs that are Ace Inhibitors have the common ending –pril. It inhibits an enzyme; that decreases the tension of blood vessels and the blood volume, thus lowering blood pressure. Lotensin (benzapril) comes in tablets and is used for oral administration. It is one of the ace inhibitors that are indicated for treating hypertension. There is warning while using Lotensin when pregnant, it indicates to stop using immediately when pregnancy is detected. Vasotec (enalpril) comes in tablets and injection. It is indicated for the treatment of hypertension and is effective alone or in combination with other Ace Inhibitors agents, especially thiazide-type diuretics. There is a warning for fetal toxicity; when pregnancy is detected; stop using.
... side effects such as analgesia, alteration in mood and drowsiness can occur. Fentanyl depresses the respiratory centres and the cough reflexes in addition to restricting the pupils. Analgesic blood concentration of fentanyl can cause nausea and vomiting due to stimulation of the chemoreceptor trigger zone.5
Nyquil has many side effects when miss used or when recommended dosage is exceeded. The consumer is not to use this product with any other products containing acetaminophen. Nervousness, dizziness, and sleeplessness are all side effects of this product. It causes drowsiness and can cause excitability in children. This is not to be taken if you have heart disease, asthma, emphysema, thyroid disease, diabetes, glaucoma, high blood pressure, breathing problems, excessive phlegm (mucus), chronic bronchitis, persistent or chronic cough, cough associated with smoking, and difficulty in urination due to enlargement of the prostate gland. Nyquil is also not to be taken if you consume more then 3 alcoholic drinks every day. Acetaminophen may cause serious liver damage.
What is the purpose of each of the medications the patient is on? Why is this patient receiving them?
Psychiatric reactions. Should behavioural effects be experiences, patient should stop taking the drug and see a doctor.
The visual analysis of this graph shows that the medication, Nuedexta®, reduced the number of PBA episodes for this patient. During the baseline period, episodes of PBA were stable as evidenced by the flat baseline trend. The patient was experiencing between 7 – 9 episodes of PBA daily prior to the introduction of the initial dose of Nuedexta®. When Nuedexta® was introduced once a day for 7 days during the initial intervention (B), PBA episodes decreased with the patient experiencing between 5 - 7 episodes per day. The patient’s PBA episodes dropped to between 2 – 4 episodes per day when Nuedexta® was increased to twice a day during intervention (C).
These effect will appear a few hours after usage and disappear in hours or days: Physical effects like, numbness, muscle weakness and trembling, rapid reflexes, increased blood pressure, heart rate, and temperatures, impaired motor skills and coordination, dilated pupils, nausea and sometimes seizers.
This information is in response to your request regarding Chantix as an ideal method for smoking withdrawal for your 54-year old female patient with Patient ID# 122014. Her medical profile shows that she has type II diabetes, hypertension, and major depression. I noticed that you replaced her lisinopril with olmesartan due to her dry cough in order to reduce her dry cough side effect. Additionaly, she has been taking fluoxetine since December 2004 to treat her long-term depression. She is also working on her diet and lifestyle changes where she significantly lost weight. I also realize that she treats herself a glass of wine with dinner and is down to smoking one pack per day. Your patient shows a strong desire to quit smoking, and Chantix is a viable option for her.
Most side effects go away after a while, but not always. Some common side effects are nausea, loss of appetite, headaches, dry mouth, dizziness, moodiness, trouble sleeping, and tics. If you change the times of when you take your medicine or what you eat with it then that can cause more side effects. The medication should be taken with food and you should eat throughout the day and drink plenty of fluids. Depending upon your side effects and the results from your medication, the doctor might change
Omeprazole belongs to the family of medications called proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). It slows or prevents the production of acid within the stomach and is used to treat conditions where reduction in acid secretion is required for proper healing including stomach and intestinal ulcers (gastric and duodenal ulcers), the prevention and treatment of ulcers associated with medications known as NSAIDs, reflux oesophagitis, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, heartburn, and gastro oesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Omeprazole, like other proton-pump inhibitors, blocks the enzyme in the wall of the stomach that produces acid. By blocking the enzyme, the production of acid is decreased, and this allows the stomach and oesophagus to heal. This essay will discuss the therapeutic effect and uses of Omeprazole, its mechanism of action, administration and dosage, dose-related and non-d...
Exparel has many side effects. These include, but are not limited to, bloating or swelling, blurred vision, confusion, dizziness or light-headedness, rapid or irregular heartbeat, fever, paleness of the skin, rapid weight gain, sweating, tingling sensations, troubled breathing with exertion, unusual bleeding or bruising, unusual tiredness or weakness, unusual weight loss or gain ("Exparel Side Effects in Detail," n.d.). It also has less common side effects such as, chest pain, fainting, shortness of breath, slow or irregular heartbeat, chills, headache, hives, rash, etc. ("Exparel Side Effects in Detail," n.d.). All of these side effects are significant, because it could affect a patients experience or pain levels experienced. For example if a patient experienced chest pain due to the Exparel, they might require more narcotics, and thus nullify the point of using
Rohypnol is lethal when mixed with other substances such as alcohol or other drugs. Amnesia is the most common side-effect of Rohypnol. Other common side effects include relaxation or sedation of the body, vomiting and headache. (www.brown.edu) This often happens because it is attacking the central nervous system. This is also because it is causing the muscles to relax. Not only are there short term effects but there are also damaging long term effects. Some long term effects are unconsciousness and even death. Another big effect is amnesia. What causes this is it affects the central nervous system to slow down or to just shut down completely. Again this is affect the muscles. There are other similar drugs related to rohypnol. Some of these drugs include XTC and Ketamine. These drugs are known as “date rape
Henbane: Hallucinations, dilated pupils, restlessness, and flushed skin. Other effects are tachycardia, convulsions, vomiting, hypertension, hyperpyrexia, and ataxia.
Patient takes captopril orally 12.5-50 mg 2-3 times daily. It lowers blood pressure by vasodilating blood vessels, and decreasing excessive water and salt in tissue. Side effects of captopril are hypotension, protein in urine, taste disturbances, hyperkalemia, headache, dry cough. Adverse effects are fever, chills, swelling in the face, hands, or feet, trouble swallowing, and chest pain. More serious adverse effects are allergic reaction and kidney failure. Patient teaching includes to take medication at the same time every day, and take it 1 hour before eating. Patient should report side effect to the doctor