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To Be Feared
History as revealed that power under the hands of the few has the potential to be the most destructive and also the most unifying force in the world. Many leaders have resorted to peace or fear when unable to balance the two. The option of fear is clearly the best option due to the fact that it ensures the longevity of a ruler’s reign and important relationships. Therefore, Based on the example of Antony in Julius Caesar as well as examples of many other successful leaders throughout history, “It is better to be feared than loved, if you cannot be both” because fear guarantees protection of a ruler’s reign and relationships (Machiavelli 1).
In Niccolò Machiavelli’s The Prince, several critical rules are outlined which, according
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Therefore, a successful leader must, above all things, “keep his hands off the property of others, because men more quickly forget the death of their father than the loss of their patrimony” (Machiavelli 3). A subtle example of this can be found towards the conclusion of Antony’s funeral speech when he reads Caesar’s will, “To every Roman citizen he gives, / To every several man, seventy-five drachmas” (Shakespeare III.ii.51). Previous to the reading of the will, the audience does not feel obligated to act upon Caesar’s assassination but after the reading when they discover what they have inherited, do the feel the need to avenge the death of their father figure. A scenario where leaders are seen displaying more beast than man can be found in the actions of Cassius and Brutus, the main proponents in organizing Caesar’s assassination. When Cassius explains himself as to why he wants to kill Caesar he gives no concrete, just reason, he only gives reasoning rooted in jealous, manipulative way, “I was born free as Caesar; so were you: [Brutus]/ We both have fed as well, and we can both/ Endure the winter’s cold as well as he: […]” (Shakespeare I.ii.6). These poor decisions directed by unjust cause ultimately lead to their downfall as seen during and after the speeches said at Caesar’s funeral.
Niccolò Machiavelli was a man who lived during the fourteen and fifteen hundreds in Florence, Italy, and spent part of his life imprisoned after the Medici princes returned to power. He believed that he should express his feelings on how a prince should be through writing and became the author of “The Qualities of a Prince.” In his essay, he discusses many points on how a prince should act based on military matters, reputation, giving back to the people, punishment, and keeping promises. When writing his essay, he follows his points with examples to back up his beliefs. In summary, Machiavelli’s “The Qualities of a Prince,” provides us with what actions and behaviors that a prince should have in order to maintain power and respect.
Caesar’s lack of somewhat savage Machiavellian traits foreshadows his downfall a multitude of times. From the beginning, the soothsayer warns him to watch out for the Ides of March. There are also bad signs; men in fire walks up and down the streets, and a lioness gives birth on the streets. Likewise, before he heads to the Senate House to receive the crown, Calphurnia tells him that she has had a nightmare, and pleads him to stay home. However, he ignores all the premonitions and moves toward where the Senators are, with no one to protect him when he is in danger. This action of Caesar contradicts the teachings of Machiavelli, “Before all else, be armed” (The Prince). As a result of his carelessness, the conspirators see that he has no chance of circumventing, and assassinates him. Similarly, he is unsuccessful in recognizing the outrage of Cassius and a few others; he isn’t doubtful enough of their secretive deeds and eventually loses the reigns to eliminate the defiance. "The same thing occurs in affairs o...
Envy and selfishness are two of the many emotions that motivate the conspirators in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar to murder Caesar. All the conspirators, except Brutus, crave Caesar’s death solely for selfish reasons. Brutus is the only conspirator who can overcome basic human nature. The citizens of Rome fawn over Julius Caesar and grant him respect, which stirs envy within the conspirators. The conspirators deny that envy is the main factor behind Caesar’s brutal murder, choosing to convince themselves and everyone else that they were stopping a tyrant. Human nature can cause people to do tremendous feats, but some natural tendencies like selfishness can also compel people to commit murder.
Opposed to Antony’s logical view, Brutus’ controversial and slightly skewed portrayal of Caesar shows that he was an ambitious ruler who would have soon turned into a tyrant. In his private thoughts, Brutus sees Caesar as having fallen to the common proof that upon climbing the ladder of ambition, he forgot to remember those below him. In his funeral speech, Brutus attempts to show Caesar’s ambition ; He also tries to demonstrate his love of Rome by depicting his killing of Caesar as an honorable deed. Brutus charges Caesar with becoming too ambitious, and in his speech he questions all men if they would “Rather Caesar were living and die all slaves, than that Caesar were dead, to live all free men?” (3.2.1556-1558). Brutus thus equates Caesar to a serpent in the egg, whom, at the moment is not dangerous, but Caesar’s ambition will soon turn him into a dangerous creature that is much more difficult to control. While Brutus does not disrespect any of Caesar’s other qualities, he believes that he rightfully...
The most astounding aspect of The Prince is Machiavelli’s view that princes may indeed, be cruel and dishonest if their ultimate aim is for the good of the state. It is not only acceptable but necessary to lie, to use torture, and to walk over other states and cities. Machiavellianism is defined as “A political doctrine of Machiavelli, which denies the relevance of morality in political affairs and holds that craft and deceit are justified in pursuing and maintaining political power (Def.)” This implies that in the conquest for power, the ends justify the means. This is the basis of Machiavellianism. The priority for the power holder is to keep the security of the state regardless of the morality of the means. He accepts that these things are in and of themselves morally wrong, but he points out that the consequences of failure, the ruin of states and the destruction of cities, can be far worse. Machiavelli strongly emphasizes that princes should not hesitate to use immoral methods to achieve power, if power is necessary for security and survival.
Caesar tried to keep his motives from being exploited by taking the modest role when offered the diadem.Caesar began to think of himself more highly than he ought to, while defying the essence of Rome. Caesar had become to strong to defeat politically so he had to die. It was to late the people eyes had become open to the true motivation of his
Being fear and being powerful is a common ruling technique for leaders. Injecting fear into one's people shows that they are powerful. In Source F, “For by this authority, given him by every particular man in the common-wealth, he hath the use of so much power and strength conferred on him, that by terror thereof, he is enabled to form the wills of them all, to peace at home, and mutual aid against their enemies abroad.” In this source they are saying they use the
There are a few different methods that can be used by a ruler to control his people, fear and love being the primary means of maintaining power as defined by Machiavelli. While both fear and love have their strengths and weaknesses, there is one of the two that is more effective: fear. Of course, there are examples of both in history and literature alike, such as Julius Caesar, whose people adored him for his brave acts in war, though betrayed by his fellow politicians and beloved friend for fear of his growing power.
In plays, every hero has a tragic flaw which eventually leads to their demise. The tragic flaw Caesar possesses is the quality of arrogance. For example, “I shall remember. /When Caesar says ‘Do this,’ it is performed” (I.ii.12-13). This quote demonstrates Caesar’s arrogance because he expects his “friends” to put his priorities before any else’s
Desire for power, and jealousy of others has plagued society since the beginning of civilizations. Greed has caused havoc among people and their ties to society. In William Shakespeare's, The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, the killing of Caesar was unjust because of the selfish need for personal gain, and lack of proper reasonings. The cause of Caesar’s death was due to the greed and selfishness of conspirators, such as Cassius.
Nicollo Machiavelli, an Italian philosopher wrote a book about the nature of power during the age. His book served as a guide to princes on how to rule. In an excerpt from The Prince Machiavelli said, “Men have less hesitation in offending a man who is loved than one who is feared, for love is held by a bond of obligation… ,but fear is accompanied by the dread of punishment, which never relaxes” (Document 1). Here, Machiavelli is saying that it is easy for people to not respect or follow someone who is loved, but when the ruler is feared, the man will always respect him for the angst of a punishment. An absolute monarch must be respected by everyone in order to be successful, if they are not respected, they do not have complete control over their people and are not absolute monarchs.
The Tragedy of Julius Caesar is a play by William Shakespeare that depicts how betrayal can come from people that you would least expect it to come from. Julius Caesar is the soon to be ruler of Rome and with him gaining power by the minute, Cassius gets anxious and informs Brutus that they must end his rule before he becomes the king of Rome and rules with brutality and cruelty. Caesar had already been suspicious of Cassius from the beginning as he states: “Let me have men about me that are fat, / Sleek-headed men, and such as sleep o’ nights. /
The ambition possessed by each character, leads Caesar, Brutus, and Cassius to power. It will be the same ambition, that quest for power, that makes each one susceptible to their own weakness. For Caesar, it will be his ego and inability to heed warnings, Brutus his love of Rome, and Cassius his dedication to power. These qualities prove that although intentions may be noble, ambition can make a person ruthless and blind them to their original goals. Ambition kills those who lose sight of their conscience and although it may prove beneficial in many instances, in this case, it leads the characters to lose all that they
According to Niccolo Machiavelli “if you have to make a choice, to be feared is much safer than to be loved” (225). Machiavelli was the first philosopher of the Renaissance, and wrote The Prince which argued that leaders must do anything necessary to hold on to power. The main reason it is better to be feared is because men are evil, rotten and will only do things that benefit themselves. Men only think of themselves and it is for this reason fear can control them and keep them loyal to a leader. Since loyalty through love can be easily broken because it involves no punishment, loyalty through fear is the better choice because it involves the “dread of punishment, from which [the subjects] can never escape” (Machiavelli 226). Machiavelli goes on to say that the great leader Hannibal took control of his immense army, because the soldiers saw Hannibal as a fearsome and cruel person, thus, making them loyal to him. Machiavelli in addition gives an example of a leader who chose not to be feared and cruel: “Scipio, an outstanding man not only among those of his own time, but in all recorded history; yet his armies revolted in Spain, for no other reason than his excessive leniency in allowing his soldiers more freedom than military discipline permits”(226). Failure to be cruel and fearsome will cause a leader to lose control of his soldiers, and it will cause the leader’s soldiers to revolt. Hannibal was the better leader; even though he was cruel, he was more merciful in reality than Scipio because he did not allow any disorders to happen.