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Mda chapter 14 periodontal disease
Mda chapter 14 periodontal disease
Mda chapter 14 periodontal disease
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Periodontitis (less commonly known as pyorrhea) is a cluster of diseases that affect the tissues that support and surround teeth. These tissues are collectively known as the periodontium. The disease is caused by microbes that grow on the tooth surface. another feature of the disease is the fact that once these microbes establish themselves, the immune response by the body tends to be over-aggressive, which can lead to tissue loss and other problems. Typically this disease is diagnosed using a multi-faceted approach, which includes using hand instruments to measure the depth of periodontal pockets and taking X-ray films of the patients mouth to determine bone loss.
The most recent classification system for periodontal diseases was developed in 1999 and is broken into seven major categories. The only reversible category is the first category. All of the subsequent categories are considered a destructive disease because damage caused by the disease cannot be undone and is permanent. The seven categories, in order, are as follows; (1) Gingivitis, (2) Chronic Periodontitis, (3) Aggressive Periodontitis, (4) Periodontitis as a manifestation of a systemic disease, (5) Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis/periodontitis, (6) Abscesses of the periodontium, and (7) Combined periodontic-endodontic lesions. These seven categories are used to diagnose specific patients, as well as refer to a group of patients that suffer from one of the above conditions. Periodontitis is considered local if less than thirty percent of the mouth is affected, and generalized if more than thirty percent of the mouth is affected.
Tooth surfaces are referred to by various names in dentistry, including mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual. If you drew a midline t...
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... of subjects with periodontitis: Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis colonize the periodontal pockets". Med Mycol. 46 (8): 783–93. doi:10.1080/13693780802060899.PMID 18608938
Katranji, G. (2014, March 6th). personal interview.
Ryder, Mark I. (2007). "The influence of smoking on host responses in periodontal infections". Periodontology 2000 43 (1): 267–277. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0757.2006.00163.x. PMID 17214844
Persson, Lena; Bergström, Jan; Gustafsson, Anders (2003). "Effect of Tobacco Smoking on Neutrophil Activity Following Periodontal Surgery". Journal of Periodontology74 (10): 1475–82. doi:10.1902/jop.2003.74.10.1475. PMID 14653394
Cagli NA, Hakki SS, Dursun R, et al. (Dec 2005). "Clinical, genetic, and biochemical findings in two siblings with Papillon-Lefèvre Syndrome". J. Periodontol. 76 (12): 2322–2329. doi:10.1902/jop.2005.76.12.2322. PMID 16332247
Candida albicans is a harmless commensal yeast which becomes pathogenic when environmental changes trigger the virulence factors of the organism. Hence Candida species are opportunistic pathogens in susceptible individuals. Oral infection caused by C. albicans known as oral candidiasis or candidosis. However, C. albicans exist in the mouths of 80% of healthy individuals. Any alteration in the environment of oral cavity can change the presence of candida from commensal to pathogenic. This translation in the status of candida is due to many predisposing factors. In the past, oral candidiasis was thought to affect mainly elderly and very young population. Recently, the incidence of oral candidiasis increased greatly with the intensification of HIV infection and immunosuppressive chemotherapy (1, 2). Oral candidiasis colonize 5% to 7% of newborn less than one month old. The infection also estimated to affect 9% to 31% of AIDS patients and nearly 20% of cancer patients (3). This review discuss the possible causes, the types of oral candidiasis, treatment and management strategies.
Dental abscesses are one of the most common dental ailments, and they are one of the top three dental emergencies. Periodontal abscesses are just one of the many types of dental abscesses. Periodontal abscesses are bacterial infections confined to areas of the periodontium usually in deep periodontal pockets, but can also be caused by trauma. The infection causes a build up of pus leading to some uncomfortable signs and symptoms. Some which include swelling of the gingiva, throbbing pain, exudate discharge, foul smelling breath, fever and much more. It is important for the dental professional to correctly diagnose the periodontal abscess so that they can provide the correct treatment. Some treatment methods include draining and irrigation of the infection, surgery, extraction of the tooth, systemic or local antibiotics, and biofilm decontamination. Once a periodontal abscess has been treated it is up to the patient to prevent future infections by maintaining good oral care at home and seeking dental cleanings such as scaling and root planing if needed.
Consequently, this makes room for more tartar to get in there, eventually causing bone loss. At this point gingivitis is now classified as periodontitis. Periodontitis presents itself in various forms, from moderate to severe. Both forms can be treated and maintained to prevent further bone loss, but you cannot get back any bone already lost and you can never fully get rid of all the bacteria. People who experience mild bone loss would be considered to have moderate periodontitis. Bone loss can be easily seen and diagnosed by dental x-rays, and with a special instrument called a perio-probe which is used to measure pocket depth by your dentist or hygienist. People who have periodontitis should visit their dentist for
How one’s poor hygienic habits and ignorance towards healthy gums physiologically impacts their oral health, will be analyzed in this paper. Active and healthy polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes contribute in the battle between your gums and the possibility of contagious infections or inflammation. However, when one is compromised, the other slowly deteriorates, which makes regions like your gums vulnerable. Consistent smoking without proper hygiene can stain your teeth with hardened plaque and tartar, causing inflammation in your gums, and thus marking the start of gingivitis. Without proper and strict care, the diagnosis soon advances to periodontitis, or inflammation around your teeth. Late gingivitis and early periodontitis are
In an article I read, Dr. Izabella Wentz, a doctor of pharmacy, the same bacteria that contribute to gum disease or periodontitis produce an
In conclusion, the overgrowth of bacteria in dental plaque can be easily suppressed by mechanical debridement and that centuries of dental teachings have taught that periodontal disease results from a yuck mouth. The next step lies that periodontal disease is an infection but taking the necessary steps in implementing treatment procedures that it isn’t a infection hypothetically. The antimicrobial treatment of
▪ Periodontitis is the stage at which the tooth-supporting bone and tissue of the mouth become irreversibly damaged. The gums begin separating from the teeth leaving pockets that trap food and bacteria. Treatment by your dentist Frisco TX and attention to your dental hygiene can stop the progression of the disease.
One of the many diseases caused by insufficient dental hygiene is Periodontitis. Periodontitis is inflammation of the gums. Whether or not one gets Periodontitis is usually genetically determined but poor oral health also plays a ginormous factor. Periodontitis is the leading cause of tooth loss in the United States, and affects over fifty percent of the entire U.S population (Kishore 2). When one is diagnosed for Periodontitis the risk increases for many other diseases and problems such as heart attacks, strokes, lung infections, for pregnant women low-weight babies at birth, pancreatic cancer, and many other cancers and problems (Caruso 79). Severe Periodontal disease can lead to coronary heart disease, and even oral cancer. Oral and Pharyngeal cancers amount for five percent of all cancers, affecting thirty thousand people in the United States each year, and the risk increases with age. After one is diagnosed with oral cancer only fifty percent of all oral cancer patients will still be alive after five years (Kishore 2). Treatments for oral cancers can cause many other problems themselves. Some cancer treatments cause patients to suffer from xerostomia, swollen mouth, disfigurement, altered speech and/or chewing, loss of appetite, and make one more susceptible to infections (Kishore 2). Poor oral health often leads to bad breath, but on some occasions bad breath can indicate gum
Periodontal disease is more commonly known as gum disease or gingivitis. This infection is serious enough, that it can lead to tooth loss if left untreated. This chronic infection starts around the tooth and it affects the supporting bone and gums. Periodontal disease can affect anywhere from one tooth to all thirty-two teeth. The disease pathology starts with the plaque that builds up on your teeth everyday.
The first stage of gum disease is gingivitis, which is a disorder involving inflammation of the gums. The most common cause of gingivitis is poor oral hygiene, which encourages plaque to form on teeth, causing inflammation of the surrounding gum tissue that can also cause bleeding of the gums. If gingivitis is left untreated it can turn into periodontitis, which is the second stage of gum disease and more serious.
Clinical studies support the theory that tobacco use is an important variable affecting the prevalence and progression of periodontal diseases. In studies in which plaque levels were adjusted between smokers and non-smokers, greater bone loss, probing depths, and clinical attachment loss and have been reported in smokers. Several studies confirmed that duration of tobacco use, smoking status, and amount of daily tobacco intake is directly related to the severity of periodontal disease.
The effects of chewing tobacco are prevalent in all users. Oral lesions develop and cause many different forms of oral mucosa lesions. These lesions include melanosis, malignancy, speckled leukoplakia, and oral submucosa fibrosis (Chandra & Govindraju, 2012). However, chewing tobacco can cause other issues like gingival recession and sensitivity, drifting of teeth, damage to tissues, and abrasion causing tooth wear (Nagarajappa & Ramesh, 2012). The severity and number of lesions was directly proportional to perpetuation and persistence the patient chewed tobacco. Periodontitis is two times more likely in smokeless tobacco users than in nonusers (Amjad, Ali, Dastgir Bhatti, & Chaudhry, 2012).
Oral health is important to everyone. People may need to face their own oral problems. Some important findings has been explored. According to the 2001 Oral health Survey established by Department of Health(2001) in Hong Kong and Annual Report 2010 of Bureau of Health Promotion in Taiwan(2010), 9 persons in ten have different level of periodontal disease. This indicates that people may not maintain a good oral health and do not have enough knowledge to having good oral health. Serious periodontal disease may affect the normal life of people. They may difficult to chew and loss of tooth affects the appearance of the people.
Periodontitis is the gum disease that was left untreated and it can lead to severe damage. When gingivitis advances to periodontitis, periodontitis makes the gums pull away from the teeth and form spaces. The spaces sort of like gaps, are more prone for it to get infected with bacteria. When the bacteria grow below the gum line, the body tries to fight off the infection. The body might break down the bone and the connective tissue that holds the teeth because the bacteria might grow in the tissue. There’s nothing that supports the teeth if the bone and the connective tissue are destroyed, which leads to tooth loss.
There are four main species in streptococci: mutans (make up bulky mainstream of what affects our mouth), salivarius, anginosus and mitis groups. In circumstance, the biggest offender in tooth decay as it encourages the production of enzymes and acids. Oral microbes help with immune system to keep the body virus free by hostile virus-producing bacteria that attempt to come in through the mouth. The microbes are conducted to a person initial in their juvenile through their touching base with their custodians by kisses of food